Resistance Mechanism and Epidemiology of Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci
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Abstract:
Since vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) were first isolated in Europe, rates of VRE colonization and infection have risen steadily. Today VRE have emerged as important nosocomial pathogens worldwide; hence, it is crucial to understand the underlying mechanism in the spreading of VRE. This article reviews the mechanism of resistance to vanco-mycin and global epidemiology of VRE, as well as the current molecular techniques that are being ap-plied to the epidemiological studies of VRE.Keywords:
Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus
Molecular Epidemiology
Objective Modern medicine offers no efficient way to clear colonization by vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). However, VRE decolonization needs to be cleared as soon as possible to prevent VRE transmission. This study reports six cases in which the duration of vancomycin resistant enterococcus (VRE) colonization was reduced by Bojungikki-tang-gami. Methods Six inpatients with VRE colonization were administered Bojungikki-tang-gami and continuously followed up with cultures. After three negative stool cultures, the patients were declared cleared of VRE colonization. We recorded the duration of VRE colonization. Results The duration of VRE colonization in the six patients was a mean of 58 days and a median of 45 days. This was shorter than the duration reported in most previous studies. No side effects were noted. Conclusions The findings of this study suggest that Bojungikki-tang-gami might be effective in shortening the duration of VRE colonization. Keywords: vancomycin resistant enterococcus, VRE colonization, Bojungikki-tang, Korean medicine, herbal medicine
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Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus
Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci
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The emergence of hospital acquired infections with bacteria resistant to antimicrobials such as vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) has become a worldwide concern. In hospitals in the United States, VRE have spread quickly and currently account for eve
Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus
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Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) rapidly is becoming a significant cause of nosocomial infections. VRE lives in the environment (e.g., bedside tables, side rails, door knobs) for five to seven days, making transmission difficult to eliminate. Patients who are immunosuppressed or are receiving multiple antibiotics are particularly susceptible to developing VRE infections. Nursing management is the cornerstone of prevention and treatment. Nurses need to identify patients at risk, maintain isolation, and educate patients, family members, and other healthcare team members.
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus
Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci
Isolation
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According to this study: Switching to single-patient rooms led to a notable and sustained decrease in the rates of new methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) colonization and VRE infection, but not of Clostridioides difficile or MRSA infections.
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Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus
Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci
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Vancomycin resistant enterococcus(VRE) is a common cause of infections related to nosocomial infections. VRE develops persistent biofi lm, which plays an important role in the progress of colonization. This review discusses the factors involved in enterococcal biofi lm formation and the anti-enterococcal biofi lm drugs in recent years.
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus
Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci
Gram-positive bacterial infections
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Purpose: In this study active surveillance culture for ICU patients, in whom the risk of VRE infection was high were conducted, and through this the VRE colonization rate and the characteristics of the colonization were examined and risk factors involved in VRE colonization and acquisition were analyzed. Method: This research was performed with 635 patients admitted to ICU between July 1 and December 31, 2006. Results: On admission to ICU, the VRE colonization rate was 2.36%, 93% identified from active surveillance culture. The VRE colonization rate was significantly higher in those patients with cancer (OR=9.43; 95% CI=1.3862.50; P=.022), liver cirrhosis (OR=55.5; 95% CI=7.29500; P=.005), transferred from other hospitals (OR=200; 95% CI=22.731000; P=.000), high APACHE II score (OR=1.107; 95% CI=1.0101.213; P=.029), or antibiotics within the last 3 months (OR=15.87; 95% CI=2.27111.11; P=.005). The VRE acquisition rate was 5.2%. It was significantly higher in those who were using a ventilator (OR=26.31; 95% CI=5.13142.86; P=.000), three or more kinds of antibiotics during admission (OR=58.82; 95% CI=16.13200; P=.000), or high APACHE II score (OR=1.16; 95% CI=1.08 1.24; P=.000). Conclusion: The results of this study show that active surveillance culture can detect VRE colonization on admission to ICU and those who have acquired VRE in ICU. The analyzed VRE colonization and risk factors of VRE acquisition are expected to be useful in establishing guidelines for preventing VRE infection in ICU.
Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci
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Background : Enterococci have become resistant to a wide range of antibiotics which include glycopeptides like vancomycin. The rapid increase of vancomycin resistance enterococci (VRE) compromises physicians to treat infections caused by these strains as the therapeutic options for VRE infections are very limited. Objectives : To evaluate the efficacy of chromogenic VRE medium in detection and identification of vancomycin resistant enterococci. Methodology : the present study was conducted in Al Abbassia Fever Hospital, El Sayed Galal Hospital, Tanta University Hospital and Kafr El Sheikh General Hospital. Sixty enterococcal isolates were collected (thirty vancomycin susceptible, eight vancomycin intermediate resistant and twenty two vancomycin resistant isolates). Antibiotic susceptibility pattern for enterococcal isolates was done using disc diffusion method, chromogenic medium and MIC of vancomycin for vancomycin resistant and intermediate resistant isolates was determined by E test. Results : The most common isolated vancomycin resistant and intermediate resistant species was E. faecium (53.1%) followed by E. faecalis (40.6%). The highest rate of isolation of VRE was from urine (50.0%). VRE isolates were mostly recovered from ICUs (45.5), 41.7%, of the collected isolates were vancomycin resistant by disc diffusion method. Regarding E-test, out of fourty two vancomycin resistant and intermediate resistant by disc diffusion method 52.4% were resistant and 19% were intermediate resistant. HiChrome VRE had 100.0% sensitivity and 83.3% specificity in identifying vancomycin resistant enterococcal isolates. Conclusion: We can depend on chromogenic media in both detection and identification of vancomycin resistant enterococci.
Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci
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본 연구는 반코마이신 내성장구균(Vancomycin Resistance Enterococcus, VRE) 감염관리에 대한 의료인의 지식, 인식도 및 수행도를 파악하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 자료수집은 B지역에 소재한 3개의 3차병원에 근무하고 있는 의료인 275명을 대상으로 하였다. 도구는 VRE에 관한 일반적 지식 10문항을 포함하여 코호트...
Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus
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Abstract Objective: To determine the incidence, duration, and genetic diversity of colonization with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF). Setting: Oncology unit of a 650-bed university hospital. Methods: Surveillance perianal swab cultures were performed on admission and weekly. The molecular relatedness of VREF isolates was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and by the hybridization pattern of the vanA resistance determinant. Results: During 8 months of surveillance, the VREF colonization rate was 16.6 patients per 1,000 patient-hospital days, which was 10.6 times greater than the VREF infection rate. Eighty-six patients with VREF colonization were identified. Colonization persisted for at least 7 weeks in the majority of patients. Of 36 colonized patients discharged from the hospital and then readmitted, an average of 2½ weeks later, 22 (61%) patients still were colonized with VREF. Of the 14 patients who were VREF-negative at readmission, only three patients remained culture-negative throughout hospitalizations. PFGE demonstrated that colonization with the same VREF isolate may persist for at least 1 year, and patients may be colonized with more than one strain of VREF. Conclusion: VREF colonization is at least 10-fold more prevalent than infection among oncology patients. Colonization often persists throughout lengthy hospitalizations and may continue for long periods following hospitalization.
Enterococcus faecium
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus
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Aim: Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) colonization is an important issue for healthcare recipients. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of VRE colonization in patients at the admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study the medical records of patients who hospitalized to NICU between January 2010 to December 2019 were analyzed. At the admission, patients whose rectal cultures were detected as VRE colonization were evaluated for demographic characteristics for the risk factors of colonization.
Results: One thousand three hundred twenty-three patients were admitted to our NICU from different centers were enrolled. Rectal VRE colonization was observed in 60 of 1323 (4.54%) patients. Sixty-five percent (39/60) of patients with rectal VRE colonization had no previous hospitalization history. Among these 60 patients 28 of them were admitted to our NICU in the first week of their life.
Conclusion: Although hospitalization still remains an important risk factor for VRE colonization, we found that there is also a high rate of VRE colonization in newborns without a history of hospitalization or frequent outpatient admissions to pediatrics departments. That is a worrisome status that suggests that colonization may be developed in low risk areas of the hospital such as delivery room, operating room or recovery room.
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus
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Medical record
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