Animal experimental study on the nerve root retraction with a silicon pressure sensor
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For avoiding or reducing iatrogenic nerve faction impairment due to excessive nerve root retraction, a silicon piezoresistive pressure sensor is employed at the nerve root retractor, which would offer surgeons a numerical retraction reference and improve the performance of spine surgery. The sensor is used to measure the pressure exerted upon the retracted nerve root during animal experiments. Simultaneously, the experiments are monitored by electromyogram to get neuromuscular responses. The relationship between pressure exerted on the nerve root and corresponding neuromuscular responses would be founded by results of experiments, which could show that degree of nerve root damage impairment is positively correlated with nerve root retraction.Keywords:
Retractor
Piezoresistive effect
Root (linguistics)
Advancements in producing piezoresistive pressure sensors have opened up exciting new markets for these pressure determining devices. Up to 10 times more sensitive than the old transducers, and with response times as rapid as a millisecond, the new sensors are used in applications as diverse as automotive, hi‐fi, aerospace and medical equipment industries.
Piezoresistive effect
Millisecond
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Piezoresistive effect
Microelectronics
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The piezoresistive pressure sensor, a kind of widely investigated artificial device to transfer force stimuli to electrical signals, generally consists of one or more kinds of conducting materials. Here, a highly sensitive pressure sensor based on the semiconductor/conductor interface piezoresistive effect is successfully demonstrated by using organic transistor geometry. Because of the efficient combination of the piezoresistive effect and field-effect modulation in a single sensor, this pressure sensor shows excellent performance, such as high sensitivity (514 kPa-1 ), low limit of detection, short response and recovery time, and robust stability. More importantly, the unique gate modulation effect in the transistor endows the sensor with an unparalleled ability-tunable sensitivity via bias conditions in a single sensor, which is of great significance for applications in complex pressure environments. The novel working principle and high performance represent significant progress in the field of pressure sensors.
Piezoresistive effect
Interface (matter)
Modulation (music)
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Micro-pressure sensor is the beginning of the studies and one of practical devices in MEMS. It is simple and used widely . The piezoresistive pressure sensor based on the piezoresistive effect and Wheatstone bridge is introduced in this paper. The influence of size, thickness, shape and location of the film on sensitivity and linearity of the piezoresistive pressure sensor are analyzed too
Wheatstone bridge
Piezoresistive effect
Linearity
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Piezoresistive effect
Diaphragm (acoustics)
Cryogenics
Pressure measurement
Wheatstone bridge
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Transport properties of the silicon crystal are sensitive, to some extent, to mechanical perturbations: this allows for integrating mechanical sensors, together with the sensing circuitry, within a silicon chip by using an almost standard IC technology. In this paper, the numerical simulation of a silicon pressure sensor, based on the piezoresistive effect, is described. The simulated transducer is made of a thin silicon diaphragm, on top of which a four-resistor bridge is diffused. For a given pressure, the distribution of the stress components over the diaphragm is feeded to the program, which then computes the sensor response depending on its geometrical and physical features. To this purpose, an anisotropical, stress-dependent, mobility model has been introduced into the device simulator HFIELDS-3D.
Piezoresistive effect
Diaphragm (acoustics)
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Thermofluids experiments often require the use of fast-response pressure transducers
that maintain their accuracy over a wide range of operating temperatures. Existing
pressure sensing technologies are available which suit these demanding applications,
however these transducers are usually relatively expensive. This project investigates the
use of inexpensive piezoresistive pressure transducers in the measurement of transient
fluid pressures.
A temperature compensation routine was developed which improved the accuracy of
the piezoresistive pressure transducers over a substantial range of operating temperatures. A
dynamic response analysis indicated that the diaphragm resonant frequency
of these sensors was 246.7 kHz (without the addition of latex or grease) and that the
response times could be improved from approximately 12.5 'ms' to 0.38 'ms' with simple
case modifications. These results demonstrated the suitability of piezoresistive pressure
transducers for use in fast-response thermofluids experiments.
A piezoresistive pressure transducer produced very similar results to a piezoelectric
sensor when both devices were tested simultaneously in the USQ Gun Tunnel. This
indicated that the piezoresistive sensor was capable of accurately recording rapid fluctuations in
pressure levels. The cylinder pressures of an internal combustion engine
recorded by a piezoresistive and piezoelectric sensor also compared well. The high
operational temperatures of the engine verified the success of the piezoresistive sensor
temperature compensation routine.
Piezoresistive effect
Diaphragm (acoustics)
Response time
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Pressure sensors are widely employed in a variety of industries, including the automotive, medical, pneumatic, and military professions. The piezoresistive type of pressure sensor is the most used transduction mechanism since it has simple readout circuitry and is inexpensive to manufacture. A piezoresistive pressure sensor is made up of a sensing device, which is a diaphragm, and appropriate circuitry to translate the diaphragm’s deflection into an electrical signal. The design of the diaphragm has a considerable impact on the sensitivity of a sensor. This study undertakes a theoretical analysis of a piezoresistive pressure sensor design with different diaphragm designs as a consequence. A square diaphragm has been shown to be ideal for the creation of very sensitive pressure sensors.
Piezoresistive effect
Diaphragm (acoustics)
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