On the long term change in the geomagnetic activity during the 20th century
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Abstract. The analysis of the aa index series presented in this paper clearly shows that during the last century (1900 to 2000) the number of quiet days (Aa<20 nT) drastically diminished from a mean annual value greater than 270 days per year at the end of the nineteenth century to a mean value of 160 quiet days per year one hundred years later. This decrease is mainly due to the decrease of the number of very quiet days (Aa<13 nT). We show that the so-evidenced decrease in the number of quiet days cannot be accounted for by drift in the aa baseline resulting in a systematic underestimation of aa during the first quarter of the century: a 2–3 nT overestimation in the aa increase during the 20th century would lead to a 20–40% overestimation in the decrease of the number of quiet days during the same period. The quiet days and very quiet days correspond to periods during which the Earth encounters slow solar wind streams flowing in the heliosheet during the period where the solar magnetic field has a dipolar geometry. Therefore, the observed change in the number of quiet days is the signature of a long term evolution of the solar coronal field topology. It may be interpreted in terms of an increase in the magnitude of the solar dipole, the associated decrease of the heliosheet thickness accounting for the observed decrease in the number of quiet days.Keywords:
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Ionospheric dynamo region
Geomagnetic secular variation
Ring current
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On days that are quiet with respect to solar-terrestrial activity phenomena, the geomagnetic field has variations, tens of gamma in size, with major spectral components at about 24, 12, 8, and 6 hr in period. These quiet daily field variations are primarily due to the dynamo currents flowing in the E region of the earth's ionosphere, are driven by the global thermotidal wind systems, and are dependent upon the local tensor conductivity and main geomagnetic field vector. The highlights of the behavior and interpretation of these quiet field changes, from their discovery in 1634 until the present, are discussed as an introduction to the special journal issue on Quiet Daily Geomagnetic Fields.
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Ionospheric dynamo region
Geomagnetic secular variation
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Even the busiest EdsHave lingering momentsWhen the onslaught Of MVCs, and STEMIs, and CVAs,And the worried wellAbates—and it is quiet Old thoughtsEnter the mind: When it’s quiet in the EDTelling docs-in-training what to doIs replaced by teaching that is unrushed When it’s quiet in the EDRelations so easily crushed in chaosAre cultivated and renewed Then, interrupting the pleasant ones,Come new thoughts: When it’s quiet in the EDRVUs are reducedThe budget busted When it’s quiet in the EDBills are not generatedBonus hopes fade There once was a timeWhen you couldn’t say “It’s quiet”For fear it would be jinxed away But now you shout out “It’s quiet”When it’s quiet‘Cause we got bills to pay
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SIGNAL (programming language)
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Ionospheric dynamo region
Geomagnetic secular variation
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This chapter first examines historical and cultural notions of urban noise and asks how Teju Cole and Ben Lerner integrate the din of the city into the body of their quiet texts. It then explores what kinds of information can be read as quiet and what exactly determines a novel's volume. The terms of the author's quiet aesthetic are applied to close readings of Open City and Leaving the Atocha Station with brief consideration of Every Day is for the Thief (2007; 2014) and 10:04 (2014). Building on the four quiet criteria prioritised throughout this book, the chapter argues that all four texts privilege the depiction of quiet characters, locations and interior life. It concludes by reflecting on the relationship between the principles of the author's quiet aesthetic, the novel form and the act of walking.
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Depiction
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Based on published literature and the response to a questionnaire sent to geomagnetic field, ionospheric and magnetospheric researchers, several methods of choosing periods of quiet conditions based on geomagnetic records, as well as other observed parameters, have been identified. Caveats with respect to using geomagnetic indices to select quiet periods include the following:
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Ionospheric dynamo region
Geomagnetic secular variation
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Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography
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연구 목적: 본 연구는 MZ세대를 중심으로 나타나고 있는 ‘quiet quitting’(조용한 사직)의 주요 특징을 살펴보고 건설적인 개선 방안을 모색하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구 방법: ‘Quiet quitting’ 국내 기사를 전수 검색하고 MZ세대 관련 학술 연구를 모두 조사하여 수렴하였다. 국내 기사 및 학술 자료는 9월 27일을 시작으로 하여 최종 조사 및 업데이트 시점이 2022년 10월 11일이었다. 자료를 수차례 검토 및 정리한 후에 조사 결과를 연구의 세부 주제 및 내용에 반영하였다. 연구 내용: MZ세대의 특성, ‘quiet quitting’의 개념과 특징, 원인과 개선 방안을 종합 제시하였다. 결론 및 제언: MZ세대와 ‘quiet quitting’의 주요 내용을 토대로 개인 및 조직 차원의 개선 방안을 도출하였다. 본 연구를 통해 사회 전반에 확산되고 있는 ‘quiet quitting’ 현상을 이해하고 건설적으로 대응하는 방안을 확인할 수 있을 것이다.
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