Traffic performance analysis of handover in GMPCS systems
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This paper presents an analysis of handover process and its effect on the traffic performance in global mobile personal communications by satellite (GMPCS) systems. With the nongeostationary satellite used for the system, the handover scheme needs to be applied to make calls completed without any interruption. An analytical model is developed for the analysis of the handover process. We derive the mean number of handovers and handover delay with various satellite antenna patterns and different settings of handover parameter. A suitable traffic model of the whole system is also derived after due considerations of the handover process. The system performance measures include new call blocking probability, call dropping probability, and mean number of handovers per call. A computer simulation is developed and used. We also analyze the system performance with a number of handover priority schemes applied. Based on the study results, the handover parameters are selected to maximize the traffic performance. It is shown that we can improve the overall traffic performance of GMPCS system by setting handover parameters properly and using the handover priority scheme.Keywords:
Soft handover
Blocking (statistics)
Call blocking
Communications satellite
Handover in heterogeneous cellular networks is one of the hottest topics for the wireless networks beyond the third generation. This paper presents a new downlink soft handover algorithm to solve the serious "power exhausting" problem during the traditional handover process in heterogeneous cellular systems. The power exhausting problem occurs when in the traditional handover process, the serving base stations usually adopt the equal power allocation (EPA) strategy for different sizes of cells. Thus we propose a constrained unequal power allocation (CUPA) technique to serve handover users by taking account of the effects of different cell sizes and shadowing. Compared to the EPA method, our simulation results show that the proposed soft handover algorithm combining with the CUPA technique can improve total system capacity by 5% in a homogeneous cellular system, and 73% in a heterogeneous cellular system.
Soft handover
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The fast pace of development of telecommunications technology and the challenges presented with the increasing number of users for any service, anywhere, anytime, access creates new problems with on the base stations capability and the handover/handoff (HO) techniques. To face these challenges much research have been made to come out with algorithms that can handle handover of user equipment (UE) while maintaining their respective quality of service (QoS). In this paper a hybrid HO algorithms called semi-soft handover (SSHO) and fractional soft handover (FSHO) in long term evolution (LTE) system are studied. The outage probability, the main metric to evaluate handover, is compared for different handover techniques.
Soft handover
IT service continuity
Pace
LTE Advanced
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In this paper, we suggest a new dynamic channel assignment scheme with two types of channel allocation strategies, and perform an analysis on the handoff probabilities of handoff and new calls. Our scheme is compared with other existing schemes in terms of three types of blocking probabilities-new call blocking probability, handover blocking probability, and network blocking probability. Simulation results show that our scheme significantly reduces those blocking probabilities over the existing schemes. Furthermore, our scheme has much smaller number of reallocations than other schemes.
Blocking (statistics)
Call blocking
Channel allocation schemes
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In TD-SCDMA systems based on TDD, when mobiles move to cell from cell, Baton Handover was used to maintain an ongoing call. But baton handover has a great demand for the equipment and system. Then both hard handover and baton handover are used alternativly in real systems. But ratio of handover success in real system is 95% which is too low to be used in systems. This paper proposes to employ Soft Handover in TD-SCDMA systems which has performed in WCDMA systems. Also we carry out the simulation, which get result of the BER performance between baton handover method and proposed handover method. The proposed method is forward to be better performance than those of the baton and hard handover.
Soft handover
Baton rouge
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In CDMA cellular system, the coverage area of the cell is greatly influenced by soft handoff process. The variation in soft handoff coverage area can be taken as the parameter influencing the performance parameters of the CDMA cellular system. In this paper, an analytical model is developed and analyzed for the concerned target cell in CDMA cellular network. The model proposed in this paper is based on priority reservation for handoff calls along with call queuing scheme for new as well as handoff calls. Separate queues are considered for both new as well as handoff calls. Two dimensional Markov birth-death process is used for modeling the problem. The handoff queue capacity is considered as function of soft handoff coverage area which depends on the two soft handoff threshold parameters T_ADD and T_DROP. Considering fixed cell radius, variation in soft handoff coverage area also varies the normal area for new calls. It is seen that change in normal cell area is inversely proportional to soft handoff coverage area. The effect of this variation which leads to change in handoff call queue capacity along with mobility of mobile user is analyzed for variation in network performance parameters new call blocking probability, handoff request blocking probability, new and handoff call time out probabilities and forced termination probability for handoff request. Increase in handoff call queue capacity effectively decreases handoff request blocking probability but leads to increment of new call blocking probability.
Soft handover
Blocking (statistics)
Call blocking
Call Admission Control
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Blocking (statistics)
Transient (computer programming)
Call blocking
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In this paper, the effects of soft handoff (HO) on outage and call blocking in cellular CDMA are investigated. The blocking probability of an interference based call admission scheme is analyzed in the presence of soft HO. The influence of soft HO parameters, shadowing correlation and PCE (power control error) on outage and call blocking have been studied.
Blocking (statistics)
Call blocking
Soft handover
Cellular radio
Call Admission Control
Shadow mapping
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WIMAX is a telecommunication technology that provides wireless data over long distances. The main consideration of Mobile WiMAX is to achieve seamless handover such that there is no loss of data. In WiMAX both Mobile Station (MS) and base station (BS) scans the neighboring base stations for selecting the best base station for a potential handover. Two types of handovers in WiMAX are: Hard handover (break before make) and Soft handover (make before break). To avoid data loss during handover we have considered soft handovers. We have developed a base station selection procedure that will optimize the soft handover such that there is no data loss; handover decision is taken quickly and thus improving overall handover performance. We will compare the quality of service with hard handover and soft handover. We have analysed the proposed technique with an existing scheme for soft handover in WiMAX with simulation results.
Soft handover
WiMAX
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The geographical connection admission control (GCAC) algorithm is introduced for low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks. The GCAC scheme estimates the future handover blocking probability of a new call attempt based on the user location database, in order to decrease the handover blocking. By simulation, it is shown that the proposed GCAC scheme guarantees the handover blocking probability to a predefined target level. Since GCAC algorithm utilizes the user location information, performance evaluation shows that this technique also guarantees the target level of handover blocking probability in the nonuniform traffic pattern.
Blocking (statistics)
Call blocking
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This paper is concerned with the influences of enlarging or shrinking the soft hand- off coverage on the new-call blocking and the handoff-call dropping probabilities in a cellular CDMA system. In the proposed analytic model, we assume a cell is in hexagonal shape with two parameters, a and b, representing the soft handoff region between the outer and the inner cell. In the traffic model, we assume mobile stations are uniformly distributed over the service area and the new-call generation rate per unit area is a Pois- son process. Enlarging the soft handoff region may significantly increase the blocking and the dropping probabilities, while shrinking the soft handoff region can reduce the two probabilities slightly. The effect of activating a call admission control is also dis- cussed. As new-call generation rate per unit area is small, reserving 40% of code chan- nels for handoff calls can reduce the handoff-call dropping probability from 10 -4 to 10 -8 , while the new-call blocking probability is increased form 10 -3 to 10 -1 . Finally, the ana- lytical model is compared with a previous work and a simulation is performed to validate the accuracy of our proposed model.
Blocking (statistics)
Soft handover
Call blocking
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