Combining Activities of Daily Living with Instrumental Activities of Daily Living to Measure Functional Disability
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Measures of functional disability typically contain items that reflect limitations in performing activities of daily living (ADLs) or instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). Combining IADL and ADL items together in the same scale would provide enhanced range and sensitivity of measurement. This article presents psychometric justification for a combined ADL/IADL scale. Data come from 2,977 disabled respondents in the 1989 National Long-Term Care Survey. Respondents indicated whether they received human help on 7 ADL items; they also indicated whether they were unable to perform each of 9 IADL items due to health reasons. Factor analyses using tetrachoric correlations demonstrated that 15 of the 16 items reflected one major dimension. Item response theory (IRT) methods were used to calibrate the items; a one-parameter IRT model fit the data. Item calibrations showed that ADL and IADL items were not hierarchically related. Analyses showed that a simple sum of item responses could be used to derive a measure of functional disability. Implications of using a 15-item ADL/IADL scale for eligibility determination and for comparing groups are discussed.Cite
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The present addresses concepts, definitions, and measurements of functional capacity. Further, distributions of functional capacity are assessed by such various indices as activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental ADL (IADL), the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology (TMIG) Index of Competence, and active life expectancy in the Japanese elderly. Further, predictors of functional status are demonstrated, and the impact of functional decline on quality of life is investigated in elderly Japanese living in the community.
Barthel index
Independent living
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We can obtain recently item response time data easily by Computer Testing. And we can evaluate examinees not only for test score but for response time. It is well known that IRT(Item Response Theory)is useful in item analysis for evaluation of test score. Similiarly we can apply item analysis for evaluation of examinee's response time to the idea of IRT. The authors proposed IRT for item response time. In this paper, the authors showed; 1. validity of the theory, 2. item analysis by the theory, 3. estimated examinee's ability for response time. And the authors showed the utilities of this theory by applying to practical data.
Response time
Classical test theory
Differential item functioning
Item analysis
Test theory
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Item Response Theory becomes one of the most popular methods for instruments development and evaluation methods. This baseline study is a self-directed learning readiness (SDLR) 40 item scale with data from 648 undergraduate psychology female students attending Qassim University in Saudi Arabia through randomized selection to evaluate an SDLR scale at item and scale levels using GRM. Results provide more detailed diagnostic information to modulate the scale. GRM analysis led to the detection of two locally dependent items, one item with low discrimination parameter and 15 model misfit items. The scale often tends to measure low and moderate levels of SDLR. Advanced psychometric evaluations should be made and the SDLR scale must be reviewed based on quantitative and qualitative analysis.
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Falling (accident)
Fear of falling
Longitudinal Study
Baseline (sea)
Healthy aging
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본 연구는 독거노인과 비독거노인 집단 간의 인구사회학적 특성을 비교하고, 일상생활수행능력, 우울 및 인지기능에 대한 집단 간 차이 및 집단별 관련요인을 비교분석하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 제7차 고령화연구패널의 원자료 중 65세 이상 노인 4,353명의 응답자료를 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과, 독거노인과 비독거노인 집단 간에는 성별, 연령, 학력, 거주지역, 주관적 계층의식에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 독거노인의 우울은 비독거노인보다 높은 반면, 인지기능은 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 인지기능과의 관련요인은 두 집단 모두 동일하였으나, ADL과 IADL, 우울의 관련요인은 집단별로 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 따라서 각 집단별 특수성을 고려한 차별화된 맞춤형 지원프로그램의 개발 및 제공이 이루어져야 하며, 각 집단별 취약집단에 대한 중점적 지원방안을 모색해야 할 것이다.
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Assisted Living Facility
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Spouse
Independent living
Group living
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