Antioxidant activities of chick embryo egg hydrolysates
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Abstract Chick embryo egg hydrolysates (CEEH) were obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of chick embryo egg in vitro‐simulated gastrointestinal digestion. The antioxidant activities of CEEH were investigated by employing three in vitro assays, including the 2,2′‐azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulfonate)/1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (ABTS/DPPH)/hydroxyl radical‐scavenging assays. The radical‐scavenging effect of CEEH (1.0 mg/mL) was in a dose‐dependent manner, with the highest trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity for ABTS, DPPH, and that of hydroxyl radicals found to be 569, 2097, and 259.6 μ mol/L, respectively; whereas the trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity of unhatched egg for ABTS, DPPH, and that of hydroxyl radicals were found to be 199, 993, and 226.5 μ mol/L, respectively. CEEH showed stronger scavenging activity than the hydrolysates of unhatched egg against free radicals such as ABTS, DPPH, and hydroxyl radicals. The antioxidant amino acid analysis indicated that the 14‐day CEEH possess more antioxidant amino acids than that of the unhatched egg. In addition, essential amino acids analysis showed that the 14‐day CEEH have the highest nutritional value. Combined with the results of the amino acid profiles, CEEH were believed to have higher nutritive value in addition to antioxidant activities than the unhatched egg.Keywords:
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Moringa oleifera have been evaluated for its antioxidant activity. M. oleifera leaves were extracted with methanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and n-hexane. The antioxidant activity of extracts were evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity assay and an improved 2,2’-azino-bis-[3-ethylbenzothiazoline sulphonate] (ABTS) radical cation decolorization assay in vitro. Trolox was used as standard with IC50 5.89 μg/mL in DPPH assay and 3.06 μg/mL in ABTS assay. The methanol extract showed the highest free radical scavenging activity with IC50 value of 49.30 μg/mL in DPPH assay and 11.73 μg/mL in ABTS assay. This study provided that M. oleifera leaves possess antioxidant.
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A modification of the ABTS• decolorization assay for plate readers is presented. In our modification, 200 µL of ABTS solution of absorbance 1.0 at 734 nm was added with an antioxidant and decreased absorbance resulted. For comparison of antioxidant activities in the kinetic assay of absorbance decrease, concentration dependence of absorbance decrease and of area under curve are recommended. “Fast” and “slow” antioxidants were distinguished: while the reactions of “fast” antioxidants ABTS• were completed within seconds, the reactions of “slow” antioxidants were not finished after 6 min. We recommend reaction time of 60 min for assays of such antioxidants, blood plasma and plant extracts. Sub-additive interactions between some antioxidants (ascorbate and Trolox, hispidulin and Trolox, and glutathione and ascorbate) were found in the ABTS• decolorization; possible reasons for such interactions are discussed.
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The antioxidant activities of Dangcong tea aqueous extracts against DPPH and ABTS free radicals were evaluated using spectrometric methods. The results show that Dangcong tea aqueous extracts could effectively and rapidly inhibited the formation of ABTS and DPPH free radicals in a dose- and time-dependent manner, indicating the potent antioxidant activities of Dangcong tea aqueous extracts under both hydrophilic and hydrophobic conditions. In the optimized systems, the IC50 values of Baiye (I, II) and Fenghuang (III, IV) Dangcong teas against ABTS free radical were 26.9, 25.5, 28.0 and 31.7 microg x mL(-1), respectively, which were significantly lower than that of Trolox, the positive control (85.2 microg x mL(-1)), indicating the higher antioxidant activities of Dangcong teas. For DPPH free radical, the IC50 values for the Dangcong teas (I-IV) were 49.8, 41.6, 47.3 and 64.5 microg x mL(-1), respectively. Taken together, our results suggest the potential applications of Dangcong tea as functional food.
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Objectives: The objectives of this research were to study antioxidant activity of leaves extract from four varieties of mangoes using two methods of antioxidant testing which were DPPH (2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2.2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) and correlation of total phenolic, flavonoid and carotenoid content in various extracts of four varieties mangoes with DPPH and ABTS scavenging acivities. Methods: Extraction was performed by reflux using gradient polarity solvent. The extracts were vaporated using rotavapor. Chromatogram pattern on each extracts were observed by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Then, antioxidant activity of each extracts using DPPH and ABTS assays, IC 50 of DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities and determination of total phenolic, flavonoid and carotenoid content and its correlation with DPPH and ABTS scavenging capacities. Results: GD2 (ethyl acetate extract of gedong mangoe leaves) had the highest DPPH scavenging capacity (98.70 %.), while AR3 (ethanolic extract of arumanis mangoe leaves) was the highest ABTS capacity (70.55 %). AR2 (ethyl acetate extract of arumanis mangoe leaves) contained the highest total flavonoid (37.57 g QE/100 g), GD2 had highest phenolic content (30.73 g GAE/100 g), while the highest carotenoid 16.28 g BET/100 g was given by GL1 (n-hexane extract of golek mangoe leaves). Conclusions: There were positively high correlation between total phenolic content in four varieties mangoes leaves with their antioxidant activity using ABTS and DPPH assays. ABTS scavenging activities in various leaves extracts of four varieties mangoes had positively high correlation with their DPPH scavenging activities.
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1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging,[2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulphonic acid] diamonium salt(ABTS) radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP) assay were used to analyze the antioxidant activity of the fruits of blackberry(Shawnee) in vitro with BHA and BHT as positive controls.The antioxidant activities of n-butanol extract from the fruits of blackberry was good.DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity of n-butanol extract(IC50=8.44 and 4.55 μg/mL,respectively) were higher than that of BHT(IC50=18.71 and 7.72 μg/mL,respectively),and weaker than that of BHA(IC50=3.2 and 1.88 μg/mL,respectively).DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity of ethyl acetate extract(IC50=38.55 and 17.25 μg/mL,respectively) were weaker than that of BHA and BHT,ethyl acetate extract and n-butanol extract exhibited weaker ferric reducing antioxidant power(Trolox equivalent=711.57±10.14 and 628.4±11.30 μmol/g,respectively) than that of BHA and BHT(Trolox equivalent=6633.04 ±114.04 and 1581.68±97.41 μmol/g,respectively).
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The antioxidant activity of a novel synthetic selenadiazole derivative SPO against DPPH and ABTS free radicals was evaluated using spectrometric methods. The results show that the detection wavelength and stable time for DPPH system were 515 nm and 30 min respectively, while those for ABTS system were 734 nm and 6 min, respectively. SPO could effectively and rapidly inhibited the formation of ABTS and DPPH free radicals in a dose- and time-dependent manner, indicating the potent antioxidant activity of SPO under both hydrophilic and hydrophobic conditions. In the optimized systems, the IC50 values of SPO were 85.2 micromol x L(-1) (DPPH assay) and 36.5 micromol x L(-1) (ABTS assay), respectively, which were comparable with the standard antioxidant Trolox, and significantly better than the positive controls BHA and BHT. Taken together, our results suggest the potential applications of selenadiazole derivatives as antioxidative agents.
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