Cloning and characterization of six highly similar endo-1,3-β-glucanase genes in hexaploid wheat
Arisa Higa-NishiyamaShuichi OhsatoShinpei BannoSun–Hee WooMasatake FujimuraIsamu YamaguchiMakoto Kimura
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Cloning (programming)
Powdery mildew is caused by Erysiphe graminis D.C. f. sp. tritici (Em.Marchal) and is one of the main diseases of cultivated wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Growing resistant cultivars has proved to be an economically effective approach of controlling the disease. Molecular markers are widely used in the study on powdery mildew resistance genes in wheat. Until now, 38 resistance gene loci (Pm1～Pm38) for powdery mildew have been identified and located on different chromosomes, of which 57 loci from 41 alleles are successfully tagged or mapped. This article describes the source and utilization of powdery mildew resistance genes as well as recent research on molecular markers. Latest progress in molecular breeding of resistance to powdery mildew in wheat is discussed in detail. This study provides a reference for molecular breeding for resistance to powdery mildew in wheat.
Erysiphe graminis
Common wheat
Plant Breeding
Molecular breeding
Molecular marker
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The types and characteristics of powdery mildew,the breeding of melon species resistant to powdery mildew were summarized in this article.Research progress of melon powdery mildew resistance gene and the application of several commonly used molecular markers in the study of melon resistance to powdery mildew were particularly discussed.
Melon
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Entomology
Plant disease
Mycology
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Powdery mildew is caused by an obligate parasite Erysiphe pisi and considered as one of the most important constraints causing yield reductions in pea. Development and utilization of genetic resistance is acknowledged as the most effective, economic and environmental friendly method of control. Therefore, development of cultivars with improved resistance to biotic stresses is a primary goal of plant breeding programs throughout the world. Three monogenic sources er1, er2 and Er3 have been described to govern the powdery mildew disease resistance. Several markers have been reported linked to resistant genes at varying distances in different mapping populations. Genetic markers linked to the disease resistance gene make the breeding process more efficient for the use of Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) strategy to aid in obtaining a complete powdery mildew resistance in pea.
Marker-Assisted Selection
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Molecular marker
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Powdery mildew is one of the major diseases of common wheat worldwide.Development and utilization of wheat cultivars with resistance gene is an efficient,economic and environmentally safe strategy to control powdery mildew.The 6VS/6AL translocation line 92R149(highly resistant to powdery mildew with resistance gene Pm21)as female parent,and wheat line Xin 96-74 with large spike,but highly susceptible to powdery mildew as male parent,through hybridization resistant and high-yield gene was restructured.The genetic variation of the main character of parents and hybrid F2,F3 was studied.The results indicated that 92R149 specific resistance to powdery mildewand Xin 96-74 features a large spike can be directly passed to the offspring and variation of hybrid progenies was very rich.Powdery mildewresistant and large spike plant were bred.
Blumeria graminis
Common wheat
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Barley (Hordeumvulgare L.) is one of the most important cereal crops in the world. Powdery mildew on barley, which is caused by the pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, occurs world-wide and can result in severe yield loss. Thousands of barley accessions are stored in national gene banks, and their characterization for breeding purposes is needed. This study was conducted to determine the resistance to powdery mildew in 33 barley landraces from Yemen, which were obtained from the ICARDA gene bank. Twenty differential isolates of barley powdery mildew were used. Nine single plant lines were selected from five landraces, based on tests that were performed with 30 plants per landrace, after inoculation with the most avirulent isolate of barley powdery mildew available. Two of these landraces originated from the Al Bayda province in Yemen, and three others originated from Dhamar, Sanaa, and Taizz, respectively. Next, single plant lines were tested using a set of 20 differential isolates of powdery mildew. Two lines that were selected from landrace from the Al Bayda province in Yemen, showed disease reaction designated as 0(4), which is specific for the presence of Mlo resistance. The new source of highly effective Mlo powdery mildew resistance that is described in this study could be used in barley breeding programs.
Blumeria graminis
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The symptoms of wheat powdery mildew disease,occurrence regularity and pathogen characteristics were introduced,the wheat powdery mildew resistance genes,and the resistance mechanism and prevention measures were summarized. The research direction of the wheat powdery mildew resistance breeding in China was explored.
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Powdery mildew is an important disease in blackgram which causes severe yield loses. Screening of 15 lines along with LBG 17 resistant check for powdery mildew under artificial inoculation identified 3 lines having 0–2% plant disease incidence and grouped under 0–1 disease score. PCR reactions using different primers with genomic DNA of these lines resulted in identification of three resistant sources with specific amplification for resistance to powdery mildew at 900bp with OPT16 primer. Considering the powdery mildew reaction and resistance linked RAPD marker, it was possible to identify the new resistance sources in a short time and they could be utilized in breeding programme or for direct release.
Primer (cosmetics)
Molecular marker
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Abstract Powdery mildew ( Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici ) results in serious economic loss in wheat production. Exploration of plant resistance to wheat powdery mildew over several decades has led to the discovery of a wealth of resistance genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs). We have provided a comprehensive summary of over 200 powdery mildew genes (permanently and temporarily designated genes) and QTLs reported in common bread wheat. This highlights the diverse and rich resistance sources that exist across all 21 chromosomes. To manage different data for breeders, here we also present a bridged mapping result from previously reported powdery mildew resistance genes and QTLs with the application of a published integrated wheat map. This will provide important insights to empower further breeding of powdery mildew resistant wheat via marker‐assisted selection (MAS).
Blumeria graminis
Marker-Assisted Selection
Common wheat
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Powdery mildew is one of the most destructive foliar diseases of wheat worldwide. Improving wheat resistance to Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) via modern bio-techniques to understand the molecular basis of powdery mildew resistance is very important. Powdery mildew resistance gene Pm3b was has been isolated, and its alleles were have been studied. Some other genes associated with resistance against Bgt were also studied. Wheat TaMLO genes, similar to barley powdery mildew resistance regulating gene MLO, were cloned by the authors. TaEDR1, similar to the EDR1 gene associated with powdery mildew resistance inArabidopsis thaliana, was also cloned. It has been demonstrated that TaLRK, Ta-JA2, TaPR-1, TaPR-2 and TaPR-5 genes play positive roles in powdery mildew resistance. However, no systemic signal pathways of powdery mildew resistance have been reported as yet. Therefore, this review is aimed particularly at the molecular basis of powdery mildew resistance in wheat.
Key words: Wheat, powdery mildew, resistance, molecular biology, signal pathway.
Blumeria graminis
Common wheat
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