Chemical and mineralogical forms of lead, zinc and cadmium in particle size fractions of some wastes, sediments and soils in Korea
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Fraction (chemistry)
This paper presents a study to obtain sulphide as byproducts of a concentrated cleaner of gold generated from the flotation process of sulphide gold ore of mine Morro do Ouro. Chemical analysis of the concentrated of gold showed a content of approximately 22.05% S, in the form of a bulk sulphides. The liberation of the sulphides was measured using a SEM with second generation automated mineralogy (MLA). For the chalcopyrite recovery step, the fraction of liberated gangue particles is above 90%, for galena up to 92% and sphalerite above 96%, in all sizes. Moreover, the fractions of particles of minerals of interest that are completely liberated is below 0.52% for the chalcopyrite recovery step, 0.65% for galena and 0.28% for sphalerite, in all sizes. The use of collectors Aero 3894, 3418A and 5100 allowed greater selectivity in the flotation circuit presented. The recoveries of chalcopyrite, galena and sphalerite in the Rougher steps were 82%, 73% and 62%, respectively.
Gangue
Fraction (chemistry)
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Sulfide Minerals
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The primary coexisting mineral with galena is sphalerite. Hence, it is critical to selectively separate galena from sphalerite by flotation. In this work, thiourea and related derivatives as potential flotation collectors for separating galena from sphalerite were investigated. Thiourea and its related derivatives were found to be effective selective collectors in batch flotation studies of a single mineral, with 1,1-diphenylthiourea (11DTA) emerging as the best choice. Galena has superior floatability compared to sphalerite in the presence of 11DTA, and the recovery difference between the two minerals at pH 8 (where the 11DTA concentration is 5 × 10−6 mol/L) is around 38%. This was revealed in batch flotation studies using artificial mixed minerals. Moreover, the findings from the measurements of adsorption amount, FTIR, zeta potential and XPS revealed that 11DTA has a strong adsorption on galena yet a relatively weak adsorption on sphalerite. Additionally, DFT calculations demonstrated that sphalerite exhibits stronger hydrophilicity than galena, and 11DTA possessed a better affinity for galena.
Sulfide Minerals
Lead sulfide
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Through studying the lead and zinc ore system of a mine in Jiangxi Province,We pointed out that the main output form of lead and zinc is galena and sphalerite.both silver and galena,sphalerite and cadmium mutually dependent.We also have a comprehensive study for galena,sphalerite technology features,which provide a scientific basis for effectively increase the recovery of lead and zinc.
Lead (geology)
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Sulfide Minerals
Passivation
Galvanic cell
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In Pb-Zn ore flotation, unintentional activation of sphalerite often leads to difficult separation of Pb and Zn minerals, during which grinding plays a key role in unintentional activation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the surface component changes of two different mineral particles and to propose the interaction between galena and sphalerite during mixed grinding using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The results show that after mixed grinding of the galena and sphalerite, the Pb content on the sphalerite surface increased with the decrease of Zn and Fe contents on the sphalerite surface. The lead ions from galena were obviously absorbed onto the sphalerite surface, while the zinc and iron ions from sphalerite were not obviously migrated to the galena surface. Principal component analysis (PCA) of a dataset composed of 206 positive ion peaks of galena and sphalerite indicates that the surface components of galena and sphalerite migrated from either side to different degrees. This study successfully identified an important factor for unintentional activation of lead and zinc minerals during flotation: homogenization of surface components of different minerals during grinding.
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Gangue
Sulfide Minerals
Ore genesis
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We have applied the micro-PIXE technique to determining the cadmium content in sphalerite ( ZnS ) and galena ( PbS ) for use in geothermometry in the Bulawan gold-silver telluride deposit, Philippines. This geothermometry is based on the temperature control on the cadmium distribution between sphalerite and galena. For the analyses by the micro-PIXE, a beam of 3MeV protons was used at CSIRO, Sydney. The size of the beam was between 10-30μm such that during analysis, points within sphalerite-galena pairs which are located very close to the rims of the grains were analyzed and also pairs which are located farther away from each other. The X-rays obtained were deconvoluted for peak areas and converted to concentration using the Geo-PIXE software. The results for rim and non-rim pairs are indistinguishable. The micro-PIXE was capable of analyzing Cd to the level of about 100ppm in galena and 150ppm in sphalerite. Six pairs of galena-sphalerite at the earliest stage of mineralization were examined and only three pairs could be used for our purpose. The obtained temperatures, 402 to 527°C are about 90 to 210°C higher than estimates for the later stage of mineralization in the deposit. Thus, using micro-PIXE we concluded that deposition of early sphalerite and galena in the Bulawan deposit probably occurred at around 500°C before waning down to around 300°C.
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The separation of galena from sphalerite is one of the most important steps in the flotation of complex sulphide ores. Depressants widely used in the separation of galena from sphalerite are cyanides or sulphites. Although cyanides are known as an effective depressant, the use of cyanides remains pollution control problem to the disposal of waste water. It is desired to exploit a novel flotation method for the separation of galena from sphalerite without cyanides. This study was done as a part of fundamental studies on the flotation process of complex sulphide ores.In this paper, the applicability of a sulphatization-flotation process for the separation of artificial Pb/Zn ores was discussed. This method consists of a sulphatization of a Pb/Zn bulk concentrate, followed by the depression of galena during sphalerite flotation.As the first step, the optimum conditions for sulphatization of galena and sphalerite were studied independently from the flotation aspects. On the basis of the optimum conditions of sulphatization-flotation obtained, a series of the differential flotation tests were done using an artificial Pb/Zn mixture. It is evident that the separation of Pb/Zn ores is effectively achievable by a sulphatization-flotation method.
Depressant
Mineral processing
Froth flotation
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