Slow structural deformation monitoring using Locata – a trial at Tumut Pond Dam
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Locata Corporation's positioning technology "Locata" is a terrestrial-based RF-ranging technology that provides high accuracy position solutions using a network (LocataNet) of time synchronised pseudolite-like transceivers (LocataLites). This technology provides centimetre level accurate position solutions for static positioning using carrier phase measurement data which provides an advantage over other technology for monitoring structural movement in many applications. The Locata network can be deployed in such a configuration around a structure that optimal network geometry could be ensured despite site constraints. This paper describes the first deformation trial using Locata technology carried out at Tumut Pond Dam, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. This trial was run for 22 hours and yielded millimetre-level precision for horizontal positions, and centimetre-level vertical precision for all observed epochs. The accuracy of the coordinate solutions was at the few millimetre level with standard deviations of 2.5 mm, 2.1 mm and 18 mm for the east, north and height components respectively. The position solutions were generated by an iterative least squares estimation process of Locata carrier phase observations per epoch. Then mean of sixty seconds coordinate solutions was used as input for a Kalman filter. Standard deformation detection methods were applied. No significant displacement was observed during this trial.Keywords:
Deformation monitoring
Positioning technology
Position (finance)
Ambiguity Resolution
Ranging
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In recent years, the UWB technology has become a hot spot for indoor location research because of its many advantages such as good penetration and strong anti-multipath capability. The distance measurement is the first step in positioning, so the accuracy of ranging directly affects the positioning accuracy. This article introduces several kinds of ranging technologies commonly used in wireless positioning. An improved SDS-TWR method is proposed for the clock drift problem in TOF technology. Through simulation experiments, the results show that the improved SDS-TWR method not only can reasonably use time resources, but also can effectively reduce the impact of clock drift and improve ranging accuracy in UWB positioning.
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Several asynchronous ranging algorithms have been proposed and studied thus far to improve the inaccurate results of location positioning with conventional ranging algorithms. Even though asynchronous ranging algorithms could yield more accurate and stable ranging results than synchronous counterparts, it requires too much time to complete a ranging process. For this reason, we developed two asynchronous ranging algorithms, called SS-TWR-MA [1] and SDS-TWR-MA [2], [3]. In this paper, we compared the performance of 3 asynchronous ranging approaches, such as SDS-TWR, SS-TWR, and our SDS-TWR-MA, in terms of ranging accuracy and total ranging time. We found out that SDS-TWR-MA provides the best combination between ranging accuracy and total ranging time. That is, it takes least time to provide a specific degree of ranging accuracy.
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Interspacecraft ranging is crucial for the suppression of laser frequency noise via time-delay interferometry (TDI). So far, the effects of on-board delays and ambiguities on the LISA ranging observables were neglected in LISA modelling and data processing investigations. In reality, on-board delays cause offsets and timestamping delays in the LISA measurements, and pseudo-random noise (PRN) ranging is ambiguous, as it only determines the range up to an integer multiple of the PRN code length. In this article, we identify the four LISA ranging observables: PRN ranging, the sideband beatnotes at the interspacecraft interferometer, TDI ranging, and ground-based observations. We derive their observation equations in the presence of on-board delays, noise, and ambiguities. We then propose a three-stage ranging sensor fusion to combine these observables in order to gain accurate and precise ranging estimates. We propose to calibrate the on-board delays on ground and to compensate the associated offsets and timestamping delays in an initial data treatment (stage 1). We identify the ranging-related routines, which need to run continuously during operation (stage 2), and implement them numerically. Essentially, this involves the reduction of ranging noise, for which we develop a Kalman filter combining the PRN ranging and the sideband beatnotes. We further implement crosschecks for the PRN ranging ambiguities and offsets (stage 3). We show that both ground-based observations and TDI ranging can be used to resolve the PRN ranging ambiguities. Moreover, we apply TDI ranging to estimate the PRN ranging offsets.
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The GPS technology has many advantages such as round-the-clock,roboticized,liberty in selecting points,and capable of providing three-dimensional coordinates,so it provides a new and effective data collection method for landslide monitoring.The author mainly research the method of GPS technology used in landslide monitoring and give the all process according to researching landslide monitoring of Kaziwan landslide in Sanxia area,including technology design of monitoring network,field survey,data processing and deformation analysis.The results indicated that GPS static positioning technology reached the precision of mini-meter and fully meet the requirements of high-precision deformation monitoring.
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Mining deformation monitoring is an important component in mining safety and sustainable development.In this paper,based on Precise Point Positioning(PPP)technology,using the static relative positioning results as reference,the high-frequency GNSS observation data collected in mining field was used to analyze the PPP accuracy at the mine complex multipath environments.The results showed that,under the conditions of a sufficient number of satellites(6)and preferred GDOP,the horizontal positioning accuracy of static PPP could achieve millimeter level,and the vertical positioning accuracy would be about 1cm level,with 1hour or more observation time.While the positioning accuracy of kinematic PPP would reach centimeter level in each direction,which was not enough for deformation monitoring.In conclusion,the static PPP could meet the millimeter-level precision requirements of the mining deformation monitoring with two hours or more observation time.
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The geological subsidence of substations is sudden and complex, and its rapid and accurate monitoring and early warning is of great significance to the safe and stable operation of the power system. This paper presents a method for monitoring the geological subsidence of substations with high-precision Beidou positioning technology. On the one hand, it can optimize the PTK technology, and on the other hand, it can comprehensively process the data of the reference station and monitoring station and use the reference station as a reference to grasp and understand. The deformation of monitoring points ensures the accuracy of monitoring. In this paper, the output of pseudorange, carrier phase and other information of high-precision Beidou satellites is used to meet the requirements of positioning solution. Secondly, the principle of vertical and horizontal displacement monitoring of geology substations of high-precision Beidou satellite receivers is given. Finally, the settlement is given. The selection principle of monitoring base station, monitoring station and communication network. The high-precision Beidou positioning monitoring method proposed in this paper can quickly, real-timely, and accurately monitor and warn the geological subsidence of substations, changing the previous situation of manual monitoring of geological subsidence.
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Innovation of the mining deformation monitoring technology has been aroused with the development of GNSS technology. This paper probe into the feature of mine Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) and precise height difference model was constructed in Yanzhou and inner Mongolia to practise the technology. Based on the technology of mining CORS, we proposed the mining 3D deformation monitoring technology of large area. Based on the technology of RTK, we proposed the mining subsidence monitoring technology of small area. Based on the construction of the model of height difference, GNSS-RTK technology was proposed to be used in subsidence monitoring. This paper provides specific ways to the modernization GNSS monitoring technology in mining deformation.
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Indoor node positioning is a key technology in wireless sensor network but the general indoor nodes positioning algorithm is difficult to meet the precision positioning requirements due to the indoor complex environment such as multilateral positioning algorithm based on RSSI ranging. The weighted multilateral positioning algorithm is proposed based on time reversal ranging to solve the problem. We simulate within 50m*50m area, the experimental results show that the ranging error is less than 1%. The maximum positioning error is less than 0.6m. Compared with general positioning algorithm, it can improve the positioning accuracy greatly in complex environments and has general applicability.
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Positioning is useful in a number of applications, for instance smart home, smart factory and health care applications. Time-based ranging methods for positioning are the state-of- the-art but require precise timestamping. Sophisticated ranging methods compensate sources of errors, for instance clock drift caused by a crystal or an asymmetrical measuring principle, to provide precise timestamping. So far, no comprehensive study of different time-based ranging methods using the same hardware and the same evaluation setup was carried out. Consequently, we discuss, implement and evaluate five time-based ranging methods, including Two-Way Ranging, Double Two-Way Ranging, Asymmetrical Double-Sided Two-Way Ranging, Symmetrical DoubleSided Two-Way Ranging and Burst Mode Symmetric DoubleSided Two-Way Ranging. We evaluate accuracy, precision, robustness and run time for the ranging methods and answer the question if the choice of the time-based ranging method matters.
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