Direct detection of Epstein‐Barr virus in peripheral blood and comparison of Epstein‐Barr virus genotypes present in direct specimens and lymphoblastoid cell lines established from nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients and healthy carriers in Hong Kong
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Abstract By means of a PCR assay, EBV was demonstrated directly in peripheral blood of previously infected individuals. The virus was detected in approximately 80% of specimens from EBV‐seropositive individuals, but not in cord‐blood lymphocytes by this method. When virus present in peripheral blood was compared to that observed directly in NPC biopsies or throat washings, it was distinct from that seen in biopsies in 4/15 cases (17%) and from that seen in throat washes in 1/22 cases (5%). The throat‐wash virus differed from the biopsy virus in 3/20 cases (15%). The prototype F virus was found in 7/10 LCLs (70%) established from NPC patients' peripheral blood, but was only detected in 2/9 specimens (22%) directly analyzed by the PCR assay. This finding suggests selective isolation of prototype F EBV in spontaneous LCLs established from NPC patients. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.Keywords:
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Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) is known to be associated with two malignant diseases, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and endemic Burkitt's lymphoma. In this study, the genomes of EBV in biopsy specimens from 4 NFC patients in Japan were analyzed using Southern blot hybridization. The NPC tissues of all examined cases contained rearranged EBV genomes whose Bam HI H fragments were larger than those of prototype EBV genomes. One of them had a Bam HI fragment containing contiguous sequences of Bam HI Y and H. A single‐sized EBV DNA terminus was observed in these NPC tissues, implying the evolution of the carcinoma from a single EBV‐infected cell.
Gammaherpesvirinae
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<i>Objectives:</i> To characterize the specific Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) polymorphisms from nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients and healthy donors in Northern China, and to explore the relationship between the EBV genotypes and NPC. <i>Methods:</i> The genotypes of EBV strains were analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. <i>Results:</i> The predominant EBV type was A, C or F in both NPC and healthy individuals. The distributions of the EBV subtypes between NPC and healthy donors were not significantly different (p > 0.05). The frequency of type f strains in NPC was significantly lower in Northern China than in Southern China. <i>Conclusions:</i> No evidence of special EBV genotypes associated with NPC was found, suggesting that EBV strains derived from the NPC patients may reflect geographic distribution rather than being NPC restricted.
Gammaherpesvirinae
Southern china
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Sera from 99 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), 17 patients with diseases other than NPC and 24 healthy individuals were examined for their antibody activities to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNase. Most of the sera from NPC patients showed high level of antibody activity even in the stage I of the disease. On the contrary, sera from healthy donors and patients with diseases other than NPC showed only very little or none of the activity. The results strongly suggest that the test for EBV DNase activity could be used for the early diagnosis of NPC.
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An Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome-positive epithelial hybrid cell line, NPC-KT, derived from the fusion of primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells with a human epithelial cell line of adenoid origin and a subline of EBV genome-positive Ramos cells, Ramos/NPC, converted after infection with NPC-KT EBV have been previously described (Takimoto et al., 1984; Takimoto et al., 1987). The NPC-KT cells produce virus (NPC virus) with both transforming and lytic properties. In this study, NPC-KT and Ramos/NPC cells were examined for the presence of the EBV receptor as measured by the capacity to absorb radio-labelled P3HR-1 and NPC viruses. It was determined that only P3HR-1 virus can attach to NPC-KT cells. Also, the relative concentration of NPC virus receptors on Ramos/NPC cells was found to be significantly reduced when compared to EBV genomenegative Ramos cells, whereas the relative concentration of receptors for P3HR-1 virus was similar to parental Ramos cells. The results suggest that there are differences at least in part of the receptors for P3HR-1 and NPC viruses.
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To observe the frequency of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and its association with Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) infection.This study included consecutive cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which were diagnosed in the Department of Pathology at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi in the period of two years (1996-97).These tumors were initially evaluated on H&E stained sections. The tumors showing evidence of keratinization were excluded from the study. The Epstein Barr Virus was detected with the help of Polymerase chain reaction in formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue sections.During the study period, seventeen cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were diagnosed which comprised 0.3% of all malignant tumors. The age ranged from 5 years to 70 years with male to female ratio of 2.4:1. The NPC was more prevalent in adults (71%) as compared to children (29%) under 15 years. Six cases (35%) exhibited positive signal for Epstein Barr Virus.Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is an infrequent tumor. The prevalence of Epstein Barr virus infection in nasopharyngeal carcinoma is quite low as compared to other regions of the world.
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Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) is a cancer that occurs in nasopharynx which is associated with Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV). Mutation agents in nasopharyngeal neoplasms occur because of EBV infection. Transformation of B-cells due to EBV causes hormone imbalance in lymphoid cells or nasopharyngeal epithelial tissue. Rates of EBV infection have been shown to be prognostic to NPC. The basic level of EBV DNA can be used for stratification prognosis, with higher titers showing greater disease severity and worse outcomes. With mathematical models, there is a correlation between the increase in Epstein-Barr Virus and the increase in Invasive Carcinoma Cells or increase in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells.
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Immunoglobulin A
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Despite the fact that most adult humans worldwide are latently infected by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), only a very small percentage of them will develop an EBV-associated malignancy. We do not know whether this situation reflects the existence of more sensitive individuals or of particularly tumorigenic EBV strains. We postulated that if highly tumorigenic EBV strains did exist, they would be preferentially found in consistently EBV-associated tumors, such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and differ significantly from the strains present in other, non-pathological sites of the same patients. To test this hypothesis, we compared the BNLF1 gene of the EBV strains present in tumors and in “reservoir lymphocytes” of 6 NPC-bearing patients from Tunisia. Our results show that all of these patients were infected by more than 1 (and up to 7) EBV strains. Moreover, lymphocytes and tumor cells from the same individual were systematically infected by different viral strains. The origin and biological significance of these multistrain infections are discussed. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Gammaherpesvirinae
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The human herpes virus Epstein-Barr (EBV) is clearly associated with African Burkitt's lymphoma and the undifferentiated form of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). EBV has been implicated in other types of lymphoma, as well as in some human breast cancers. However, its route of entry into epithelial cells is incompletely understood. We report here evidence that there is no gene alteration in the SCR 1 and 2 exons of EBVR/CR2 in human embryonic nasopharyngeal epithelial (HENE) cells and NPC cells and that SCR 1 and 2 mRNA could be detected in HENE cells, different differentiated NPC cell lines and well-differentiated NPC biopsies. None of 15 cases of poorly differentiated NPC cryosections has SCR 1 and 2 mRNA. We also provide evidence that transformation of HENE cells results from exposure to infectious EBV and that transformation is dependent on the presence of phorbol ester. These data suggest that expression of SCR 1 and 2 of EBVR/CR2 may be associated with replication of EBV and support the notion of direct infection and transformation of human nasopharyngeal epithelial cells destined to evolve into the carcinoma by EBV through EBVR/CR2. Int. J. Cancer 71:750-755, 1997.© 1997 Wiley-Liss Inc.
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Abstract It is important to know whether there are variants of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) with biological properties that are different from the prototype viruses that have been studied in detail, such as P3HR‐1 and B95‐8. We have studied an EBV isolate derived from a nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tumor, designated NPC‐EBV. We have examined the target B lymphocytes infected and growth‐transformed with NPC‐EBV as compared with two common EBV isolates, B95‐8 and AG876 EBV, for stage of maturation using antibodies to several immunoglobulin chains. Typing of the NPC‐EBV transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines revealed the predilection of the NPC‐EBV isolate to infect immature B lymphocytes. This was not the case for the B95‐8 and AG876 isolates. The reason for the predilection of NPC‐EBV for immature B lymphocytes remains to be explored further. However, these results may be important in understanding the pathophysiology of EBV‐associated diseases.
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Gammaherpesvirinae
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