Endocrine evaluation after endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) in children
25
Citation
8
Reference
10
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Keywords:
Ventriculostomy
After administration of crude hypothalamic extracts, a decrease in plasma prolactin is observed. This decrease is ascribed to a prolactin-release inhibiting-factor or PIF. The synthetic releasing hormone TRH has an effect not only on TSH-release, but also on prolactin-release in several species. When synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) became available, its effect on plasma prolactin-levels after acute and chronic administration in female rats was tested (Arimura et al.). No significant changes were found.
Prolactin cell
Plasma levels
Cite
Citations (4)
SUMMARY Administration of 100 μg prolactin twice daily for 3 days increased 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) activity in the testes of dwarf mice compared with that found in the normal mouse. In hypophysectomized rats, prolactin (200 μg, same regimen) was without effect when given alone, whereas 5 μg luteinizing hormone (LH) alone injected twice daily, increased 3β-HSD activity to above normal. When prolactin and LH were administered in combination, 3β-HSD activity was raised to normal levels only.
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases
Prolactin cell
Cite
Citations (71)
SUMMARY The serum and pituitary levels of prolactin, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were determined by radioimmunoassay in adult female rats treated neonatally with oestrogen and were compared with levels in normal cyclic rats at 90, 150 and/or 180 days of age. The serum level of prolactin was significantly higher and its pituitary content and concentration were lower in oestrogenized rats than in control rats at early prooestrus and on the 2nd day of dioestrus. The level of LH in the serum of oestrogenized rats was similar to the level in control rats at pro-oestrus and was higher than that of the controls at dioestrus. Pituitary levels of LH were lower in oestrogenized rats than in control rats at both pro-oestrus and dioestrus. The serum and pituitary levels of FSH in the oestrogenized rats were intermediate between the values found at dioestrus and at pro-oestrus in the controls. The results demonstrate that the pituitary of the neonatally oestrogenized female rat constantly secretes considerable amounts of these hormones.
Cite
Citations (26)
Serum levels of gonadotrophins and prolactin and their response to luteinizing hormone/follicle stimulating hormone--releasing hormone (LRH) and thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) were measured in 14 females with anorexia nervosa when at low body weight and again in 6 cases during, and 12 cases after weight gain. Mean serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were low initially and whereas FSH increased significantly with weight gain, LH levels remained subnormal in most patients. LH responses to LRH were grossly impaired or absent in patients whose weight was below 75% of the ideal, but increased dramatically above this weight over-shadowing the more modest increase in FSH response. In three patients, however, impaired LH responses persisted as ideal weight was approached. Basal prolactin levels were well within the normal range in all patients. During weight gain there was no change in basal levels but the prolactin level 20 min after TRH was significantly increased.
Anorexia nervosa
Anorexia
Cite
Citations (40)
To delineate the pattern of adenohypophyseal hormone secretion following chronic stress, adult male rats were exposed daily to 6 h of cold, forced exercise or immobilization for 3, 6, 10, 15, 28 or 42 consecutive days. Groups of these animals were sacrificed at the end of the last stress sessions, and plasma growth hormone (GH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (Prl) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Irrespective of the different stimuli used, long-term stress induced a morphologic and hormonal response characterized by decreased ponderal growth, adrenal enlargement, thymus involution and significant diminutions in GH, Prl and LH levels with no modifications in FSH titers. The magnitude and duration of these changes varied with the severity of the stressors.
Involution (esoterism)
Cite
Citations (109)
Administration of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) inhibitors to estrogen (EB)-plus progesterone (PG)-treated ovariectomized (OVX) female rats produced significant reductions in hypothalamic epinephrine (Epi) levels and serum luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, but no effect on serum prolactin (Prl) levels. These results suggest that brain Epi neurons may participate in the regulation of LH release but not in controlling the surge of Prl induced by EB-plus PG-treatment in OVX rats.
Cite
Citations (0)
In female rats neonatal treatment with oestrogen induces persistent vaginal cornification and sterility at maturity (Takewaki, 1962). Recently, we found that the pituitary secretion of prolactin, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in such oestrogenized female rats is permanently altered (Nagasawa, Yanai, Kikuyama & Mori, 1973). No data are available, however, on the effect of pituitary hormones, administered neonatally, on the secretory activity of the pituitary in adult rats. In the present experiment the pituitary secretion of prolactin, LH and FSH was measured in adult female rats treated neonatally with prolactin. Virgin female Sprague—Dawley rats were used. Half the females in each litter were given a daily subcutaneous injection of bovine prolactin (NIH-P-B2) dissolved in 0·25–1·0 ml 0·9% NaCl solution (pH 8) for 20 days beginning on day 0 of age. The dose of prolactin was 0·5 mg for the first 5 days, 1·0 mg for the second 5
Prolactin cell
Litter
Cite
Citations (6)
SUMMARY Hypophysectomized adult male rats were treated twice daily for 3½ days with 0·9% NaCl solution, 200 μg ovine prolactin, 5 μg ovine luteinizing hormone (LH), or 200 μg prolactin +5 μg LH, starting 18 days after the operation. Minced testes from these animals were incubated in Krebs—Ringer bicarbonate buffer containing [1- 14 C]acetate for 3 h at 37 °C. The conversion of acetate into testosterone was calculated. It was not changed by prolactin treatment, was increased by LH ( P < 0·01), and further increased by prolactin + LH ( P < 0·01) to approximately the level observed in intact adult controls. The amount of testosterone in some of the incubates was measured by gas liquid chromatography. It was not changed in prolactin-treated animals and was increased in LH-treated animals ( P < 0·02 compared with hypophysectomized controls). Treatment with prolactin+LH resulted in an increase in testosterone above that after treatment with LH alone ( P < 0·01) and to a value similar to that in intact adult males. The incorporation of acetate into esterified cholesterol was decreased ( P < 0·05) in groups treated with LH or prolactin + LH in which testosterone synthesis was increased. The incorporation of acetate into free cholesterol was not changed by any of the treatments. These results demonstrate synergistic action of prolactin and LH on the synthesis of testosterone in vitro confirming our earlier suggestions.
Cite
Citations (60)
The nocturnal increase of plasma testosterone (T) in adult men has been well established. Luteinizing hormone (LH) does not show a similar increase throughout the night, whereas prolactin (PRL) does, suggesting the possibility of other hormone influences on T secretion. To investigate this possibility, 8 young adult men were studied for 4 consecutive nights in the sleep laboratory (2 nights adaptation, 2 nights blood sampling), by blood samples taken every 30 min during the 8-h sleep period, for measurement of LH, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), PRL, and T. LH and FSH were secreted episodically, with little or no change in baseline levels during the night. PRL and T also were secreted episodically, but their baseline levels increased as the night progressed. Both LH and PRL had maximum within-subject correlations (averages = +0.35 and +0.48 respectively) with T when they led T by 60 min. Within-subject correlations done on first differences (to remove the effect of slow trends) were near zero H and PRL had larger correlations with T than did FSH, for both calculations. These data suggest that both LH and PRL levels precede T levels by about 60 min. PRL thus may participate in the regulation of nocturnal T secretion in adult men.
Blood sampling
Cite
Citations (93)
The mechanism whereby the reciprocal relationship between the plasma levels of prolactin and HL is maintained in lactating rats under different degrees of suckling stimulus has been investigated in the present study. Plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) in lactating rats suckling two pups could be reduced significantly by injecting prolactin (PRL). This reduction was also evident in ovariectomized and ovariectomized-adrenalectomized lactating rats, thus excluding mediation of the inhibitory effect by steroids from end-organs. The in vivo response of the pituitary to exogenous LHRH was lower in rats suckling eight pups than those suckling two pups. Prolactin administered prior to LHRH caused an inhibition of the response of the pituitary to exogenous LHRH in rats suckling two pups. These data provide evidence for the hypothesis that in the lactating rat, in the presence of minimal suckling stimulus, the causative factor for reducing serum LH levels is prolactin, which acts by altering the pituitary responsiveness to LHRH.
Prolactin cell
Cite
Citations (28)