Registration of Steele‐ND/ND 735 Wheat Recombinant Inbred Lines Mapping Population
Mohamed MergoumP. K. SinghR. C. FrohbergShahryar F. KianianFarhad GhavamiKhwaja HossainTika B. AdhikariVibin E. HarilalŞenay Şimşek
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Abstract:
Steele‐ND/ND 735 (Reg. No. MP‐1, NSL 462030), a hard red spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) (HRSW) recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population, was developed and released by the North Dakota State University (NDSU), Fargo, ND, in 2008. This mapping population is composed of 129 F 2:9 RILs. The Steele‐ND/ND 735 RILs population has been used extensively to study the genetics of resistance to tan spot [caused by Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis (Died.) Drechs.], Stagonospora nodorum blotch [caused by Phaeosphaeria nodorum (E. Müller) Hedjarroud], Septoria tritici blotch [caused by Mycosphaerella graminicola (Fückl) J. Schröt. in Cohn], and Fusarium head blight (caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe) and to map the resistance genes and quantitative trait loci underlying the above traits. The genetic marker data encompass hundreds of polymorphic Diversity Array Technology (DArT) and simple sequence repeats markers that were collected at Diversity Arrays Technology, Yarralumla, Australia, and NDSU, respectively.Keywords:
Mycosphaerella graminicola
Pyrenophora
Inbred strain
Gibberella zeae
Competitive interactions between Pyrenophora tritici-repentis and Septoria nodorum were studied quantitatively by a modified plant ecology technique known as «de Wit replacement series». P. tritici-repentis and S. nodorum were inoculated alone and in various proportions together on wheat plants at anthesis. Mature leaves were harvested and incubated in moist chambers, after which fungal sporocarps were counted. For each inoculation mixture, the relative yield of each fungus (ratio of its sporocarp yield in the mixed inoculation to its sporocarp yield in single inoculation) was plotted against the proportion of that fungus in the inoculation mixture (...)
Pyrenophora
Mycosphaerella graminicola
Drechslera
Winter wheat
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Mycosphaerella graminicola
Graminicola
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Mycosphaerella
Fungal pathogen
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Abstract Fungal plant diseases driven by weather factors are common in European wheat and barley crops. Among these, septoria tritici blotch ( Zymoseptoria tritici), tan spot ( Pyrenophora tritici-repentis ), and stagonospora nodorum blotch ( Parastagonospora nodorum) are common in the Nordic-Baltic region at variable incidence and severity both in spring and winter wheat fields. In spring barley, net blotch ( Pyrenophora teres ), scald ( Rhynchosporium graminicola, syn. Rhynchosporium commune) and ramularia leaf spot (Ramularia collo-cygni) are common yield limiting foliar diseases. We analysed data from 449 field trials from 2007 to 2017 in wheat and barley crops in the Nordic-Baltic region and explored the differences in severity of leaf blotch diseases between countries and years, and the impact of the diseases on yield. In the experiments, septoria tritici blotch dominated in winter wheat in Denmark and southern Sweden; while in Lithuania, both septoria tritici blotch and tan spot were common. In spring wheat, stagonospora nodorum blotch dominated in Norway and tan spot in Finland. Net blotch and ramularia leaf blotch were the most severe barley diseases over large areas, while scald occurred more locally and had less yield impact in all countries. Leaf blotch diseases, with severity >50% at DC 73–77, caused an average yield loss of 1072 kg/ha in winter wheat and 1114 kg/ha in spring barley across all countries over 5 years. These data verify a large regional and yearly variation in disease severity, distribution and impact on yield, emphasizing the need to adapt fungicide applications to the actual need based on locally adapted risk assessment systems.
Pyrenophora
Mycosphaerella graminicola
Cochliobolus sativus
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Pyrenophora
Mycosphaerella graminicola
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Leaf spot of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) in North America consists of a group of diseases involving tan spot [ Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis (Died.) Drechs.], Stagonospora nodorum blotch [ Phaeosphaeria nodorum (E.Müller) Hedjarroude], and Septoria tritici blotch [ Mycosphaerella graminicola (Fückl) J. Schröt. in Cohn]. A complex of these diseases occurs in nature hence managing leaf spots is difficult. Use of resistant cultivars is the most effective and economical means of controlling leaf spot; however, none of the widely grown wheat cultivars in North America show high levels of resistance to these diseases. Hence, this study aimed to identify new sources of resistance to leaf spotting diseases. To achieve this objective, 975 accessions of wheat and its relatives were evaluated for P. tritici‐repentis, race 1, resistance under controlled environments. Of these 975 accessions, 40 selected accessions were further screened against six virulent races (1, 2, 3, 5, 10, and 11) of P.tritici‐repentis and to foliar pathogens P. nodorum and M. graminicola . New sources of resistance effective against the three leaf spotting disease were identified in accessions of T.monococcum L., T. turgidum L., T. dicoccum Schrank ex Schübler, T. dicoccoides (Körn. ex Asch and Graebner) Schweinf., T. timopheevii (Zhuk.) Zhuk., T. spelta L., and T. aestivum L. including synthetic wheat. Resistance was observed in all three ploidy levels of the wheat genome and presently efforts are being made to transfer the leaf spot resistance into adapted wheat and durum cultivars.
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Mycosphaerella graminicola
Common wheat
Graminicola
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Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most important cereal crop in Tunisia, nonetheless production is highly affected by drought and diseases mainly Septoria tritici blotch (STB) caused by Zymoseptoria tritici (Roberge ex Desm.) Quaedvl. & Crous anamorph and Mycosphaerella graminicola (Fuckel) J. Schrot. 1894 teleomorph; that has become an inherent disease of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) van Slageren) but rarely observed on bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum) and on triticale (×Triticosecale spp.) The main objective of this work was to study the prevalence and geographical distribution of Z. tritici on triticale, durum wheat and particularly on bread wheat in different cereal growing regions of North and Northwestern Tunisia to confirm its presence/absence on bread wheat. For this study, 126 wheat fields were surveyed in North and Northwestern Tunisia during 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 cropping seasons. STB on durum wheat was present in the majority of inspected durum wheat fields, where high mean incidence (60%) and severity (40%) were recorded at Jendouba, Bizerte, Beja, and Kef. The survey data revealed low risk on bread wheat with an incidence of 23% and 29% at Bizerte and Beja, respectively. However high incidence of 84% and 52% was recorded at Cap Bon in 2016 and 2017, respectively and mainly at El Haouaria where STB severity was relatively high on bread wheat landrace of unknown origin but called by local farmers as ‘Farina arbi’. Sporadic incidence was recorded on Triticale of 100% at Jendouba (in 2016), and 33% at Bizerte (in 2016 and 2017) and absence at all other surveyed sites; likewise for severity at same locations where 13% and 42% were recorded in 2016. The survey data revealed low risk on bread wheat except at El Haouaria where STB severity was relatively high on a bread wheat landrace; while it was considered as high risk at all durum wheat fields in Beja, Bizerte, Jendouba, Zaghouan and Kef regions, such distinct occurrence could lead to clarify host specificity in Z. tritici.
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Mycosphaerella graminicola
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Mycosphaerella graminicola
Pyrenophora
Drechslera
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Genetics and breeding for resistance against four leaf spot diseases in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
In wheat, major yield losses are caused by a variety of diseases including rusts, spike diseases, leaf spot and root diseases. The genetics of resistance against all these diseases have been studied in great detail and utilized for breeding resistant cultivars. The resistance against leaf spot diseases caused by each individual necrotroph/hemi-biotroph involves a complex system involving resistance (R) genes, sensitivity (S) genes, small secreted protein (SSP) genes and quantitative resistance loci (QRLs). This review deals with resistance for the following four-leaf spot diseases: (i) Septoria nodorum blotch (SNB) caused by Parastagonospora nodorum ; (ii) Tan spot (TS) caused by Pyrenophora tritici - repentis ; (iii) Spot blotch (SB) caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana and (iv) Septoria tritici blotch (STB) caused by Zymoseptoria tritici .
Pyrenophora
Bipolaris
Mycosphaerella graminicola
Glume
Cochliobolus sativus
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Abstract Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) yields are commonly affected by foliar infection by fungal pathogens. Of these, three wheat leaf blotch fungal diseases, septoria nodorum blotch (SNB), tan spot (TS) and septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by Parastagonospora nodorum ( Pn ), Pyrenophora tritici-repentis ( Ptr ) and Zymoseptoria tritici ( Zt ), respectively, induce major yield losses. Infection results in necrotic areas on the leaf, and it is often difficult to determine the underlying causative pathogen from visible symptoms alone, especially in mixed infections. Here, a regional survey of 330 wheat samples collected across three seasons (years 2015–2017) from four north-west European countries was undertaken. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays specific for each pathogen, as well as disease assessment of leaf materials, distinct regional differences were identified. Two-thirds (65%) of all samples harbored at least two of the three pathogens. Norway had high SNB abundance, but also showed mixed infections of SNB, TS and STB. In Germany, TS was prevalent, with STB also common. Danish samples commonly possessed all three pathogens, with STB prevalent, followed by TS and SNB. The UK had a major prevalence of STB with minimal occurrence of TS and SNB. Across all samples, qPCR identified Zt , Pn and Ptr in 90%, 54% and 57% of samples, respectively. For each pathogen, average disease levels via visual assessment showed modest positive correlation with fungal DNA concentrations (R 2 = 0.13–0.32). Overall, our study highlights that the occurrence of mixed infection is common and widespread, with important implications for wheat disease management and breeding strategies.
Pyrenophora
Mycosphaerella graminicola
Drechslera
Winter wheat
Fungal pathogen
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