Preparation of the Microsphere-Sized Poly(<i>N-Isopropylacrylamide</i>) Hydrogel Dispersed in Poly(<i>Vinyl Alcohol</i>) Matrix and its Thermo-Responsive Releasing Behavior
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Abstract:
A novel thermo-responsive microsphere-sized poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) composite hydrogels were prepared by gelation of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) solution containing ultra-fine CaCO 3 , then treated with 2wt% glutaraldehyde solution, sequencely with HCl acid, and PVA matrix with microsphere-sized pores obtained. The internal pores of the dry PVA matrix were filled with PNIPAm hydrogels to give a thermo-responsive composite hydrogels for drug carrier. The composite hydrogel was characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), temperature dependence of equilibrium swelling ratio in water of the composite hydrogels was also investigated. Rhodamine B (RB) was loaded to the composite hydrogels for release study.Keywords:
Vinyl alcohol
Glutaraldehyde
Rhodamine B
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)
Vinyl alcohol
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)
Interpenetrating polymer network
Polymer network
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In the present study, acid catalysed cross-linking of poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) with varying concentrations of glutaraldehyde was analyzed and the cross-linked PVAs were utilized as membrane separators in single chambered microbial fuel cells (MFCs).
Glutaraldehyde
Vinyl alcohol
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Abstract Spherical glutaraldehyde cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels (G-PVA) were prepared in three steps: gelatification, cross-linking, and removal of alginate. Gelatification was carried out by dropping a solution of alginate, PVA, and glutaraldehyde into a calcium chloride solution to form calcium alginate. Calcium alginate gels were prepared at 20°C, 40°C, 60°C, and 80°C to study the effect of gelatification temperature on the formation of pores on the surface of G-PVA. The effect of the alginate content was studied. PVA and glutaraldehyde were cross-linked by immersion of the gels in a solution of H 2 SO 4 and Na 2 SO 4 . The effect of sodium alginate and inorganic salts, such as MgSO 4 and K 2 SO 4 , on the formation of pores on the surface of G-PVA was confirmed.
Glutaraldehyde
Vinyl alcohol
Calcium alginate
Sodium alginate
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Vinyl alcohol
Biomaterial
Degradation
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Abstract Hydrogel discs of poly(vinyl alcohol) loaded with glipizide, an oral antidiabetic drug, were prepared with glutaraldehyde (GA) as a crosslinker. Various formulations were prepared with various amounts of polymer, GA, and initial drug. The prepared hydrogel discs were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetric analysis, and X‐ray diffractometry. The dynamic swelling behavior and drug‐release patterns were dependent on the crosslink density. The hydrogel discs were capable of releasing drug for up to 24 h. The discs that were prepared with a higher concentration of GA released the drug more slowly. The release data were fitted to an empirical equation to determine the transport mechanism, which indicated a non‐Fickian trend for drug transport. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Glutaraldehyde
Vinyl alcohol
Thermogravimetric analysis
Glipizide
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Chitosan/polyacrylamide/poly(vinyl alcohol)/Fe/glutaraldehyde (CS/PAM/PVA/Fe/GA) was reported as an adsorbent with several advantages, while some major disadvantages such as low desorption rate and poor reutilization, which formed an obstacle to its application in low-concentration Cr(VI) adsorption performance.These major disadvantages the authors speculate might be ascribed to PAM.To test the speculation correct, CS/PVA/Fe/GA was synthesized as adsorbent and then characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.Low-concentration (5.0-30.0mg L -1 ) Cr(VI) adsorption was tested as a function of solution pH value, Cr(VI)initial concentration and adsorption time, and its primary mechanisms were explored.The results showed that, CS/PVA/Fe/GA has not only higher desorption rate and reutilization but also higher adsorption efficiency and (3.0-10.0)pH-independence compared with CS/PAM/PVA/Fe/GA; the adsorption mechanisms were also different, the complexation of the -NH 2 group with Fe(III) was especially included herein.The complexation, which was insensitive to pH, mainly contributed to the above advantages, proving our speculation correct.Thus, CS/PVA/Fe/ GA is an alternative adsorbent to remove Cr(VI) from natural water.
Vinyl alcohol
Glutaraldehyde
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Abstract Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVAl) hydrogel networks cross‐linked with glutaraldehyde were prepared and their properties as membranes examined using a variety of techniques including preparative electrophoresis. Electroendosmosis (EEO) was observed and shown to be the result of charges on the membrane and of complexation with borate buffer ions. Investigation of “glutaraldehyde” solutions showed acid entities in, or formed in “glutaraldehyde” were responsible for EEO. Techniques for using “glutaraldehyde” which minimize EEO are described.
Glutaraldehyde
Vinyl alcohol
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Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), a hydrophilic polymer bearing hydroxyl functional groups, readily forms gels on the addition of a bifunctional agent such as glutaraldehyde. This gelation is caused by the formation of acetal bonds between the aldehyde groups and the hydroxyl groups, in the presence of HCL. The crosslink density is easily controlled by changing the concentration of glutaraldehyde, offering a way to control the total water content and, consequently, the permeability. Strong transparent films were obtained by drying these gels. These were suitable for supporting biologically active molecules, providing a viable, better alternative to the usual PVA gels which are physically crosslinked. To establish the relationship between their thermal properties and the occurrence of the physical or chemical gelling, their water vapor sorption and thermal behavior were investigated and compared. PVA/glutaraldehyde membranes were prepared with immobilized hemoglobin for bilirubin analysis. Assisted by the respective equilibrium swelling ratio and thermal stability data, it was found that, for these particular PVA/hemoglobin membranes, the occurrence of either chemical or physical crosslinking is mainly determined by the Hb/HCl ratio.
Glutaraldehyde
Vinyl alcohol
Thermal Stability
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Hydrophilic poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) fluorescence fiber was formed by dispersing oil soluble fluorescent pigment in PVA aqueous solution and wet spinning.The prepared fluorescence fiber was crosslinked with glutaraldehyde to improve the stability in hot water.Filament strength tester was used to determine the tensile properties of acetalized fiber.The crosslinked fluorescence fibers were observed by hot stage microscope and X-ray diffraction.Hot stage microscope observation revealed that the meltable PVA fluorescence fiber could be transformed into infusible by acetalization.The XRD results showed that the acetalization took place in the amorphous region of the fiber.The transformations of the crystal structures may happen if both the fluorescent pigment and the water get involved in the fiber but have nothing to do with the acetalization of the PVA fluorescence fiber.The fluorescence spectrum indicated a maximum absorption of the crosslinked fluorescence fiber is 373 nm and a maximum excitation wavelength is 494 nm, thereby it demonstrated that the acetalization didn't damage the fluorescence nature of the fiber.As the acetalization took place in amorphous regionthe process didn't damage the PVA fluorescence fiber mechanical properties.
Glutaraldehyde
Vinyl alcohol
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Abstract In this work, the preparation and characterization of glutaraldehyde-crosslinked electrospun nanofibers of chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (GCCPN) as a new adsorbent for tetracycline (TC) is reported. Electrospun nanofibers of chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were prepared by employing a 75:25 volumetric ratio of chitosan:PVA, voltage of 30 kV, collection distance of 10 cm, and injection flow rate of 2 mL/h. Then, the nanofibers were crosslinked via applying the glutaraldehyde on them for 3 h at 40 °C. The nanofibers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction. Uniform beadless nanofibers with minimum diameters of 3–11 and 6–18 nm were obtained before and after crosslinking, respectively. Then the applicability of the synthesized GCCPN for removal of TC from aqueous solutions was investigated. The response surface method was applied to evaluate the influence of pH (6–12), TC concentration (50–250 mg/L) and the adsorbent dose (0.05–0.25 g in 20 mL solution) on the adsorption characteristics of GCCPN. The maximum adsorption capacity was 102 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics was explained most effectively by the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption data of TC on the GCCPN surface was explained well by the Langmuir isotherm model.
Vinyl alcohol
Glutaraldehyde
Langmuir adsorption model
Electrospinning
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Citations (38)