Inhibition of rabies virus propagation in mouse neuroblastoma cells by an intrabody against the viral phosphoprotein
13
Citation
32
Reference
10
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Keywords:
Phosphoprotein
Neurotropic virus
Rabies is an encephalitic disease with a mortality rate that approaches 100% in the absence of treatment. The World Health Organisation recognises rabies as a neglected tropical disease due to its disproportionate impact on poor and vulnerable populations in developing countries. Whilst vaccines exist to help prevent and control rabies, these are not always available or accessible to those at high risk. Rabies currently can only be treated effectively prior to the onset of symptoms and as immunoglobulin treatments are expensive and in short supply, and current vaccines require multiple doses to reach full efficacy, full courses of post-exposure prophylaxis may not be completed, leaving vulnerable individuals at risk.
Rabies is a zoonotic viral disease that is predominantly caused by the rabies virus. The rabies virus has a broad host range and is capable of infecting most mammalian species, though its main reservoir, and the source of most human infections, are canids, particularly dogs. Rabies can also be caused by non-rabies lyssaviruses, a group of viruses related to rabies virus that are mainly found in bats. Lyssaviruses have been isolated globally and whilst there are very few reports of rabies encephalitis caused by non-rabies lyssavirus species in humans, the general lack of awareness of lyssaviruses in bats can lead to delays in seeking treatment and increase the risks of developing rabies once exposed. Current vaccines are highly effective against rabies virus, but display less effectiveness against other lyssavirus species, with little to no protection provided against the more diverse lyssaviruses.
In this project, a lyssavirus pseudotype panel was generated using a range of lyssavirus species. This pseudotype panel was then used to investigate the neutralisation and tropism profiles of the lyssaviruses in question. In developing the pseudotype panel, it was identified that the choice of glycoprotein expression plasmid was vital for the generation of highly infectious pseudotype particles, and that the pI.18 plasmid was superior to pcDNA3.1.
A novel chimp adenovirus-based rabies vaccine was compared to a current human rabies vaccine for its capacity to elicit rabies-neutralising antibodies. A single dose of the novel vaccine was revealed to produce a comparable antibody response to that produced by the human vaccine following a full three-dose schedule.
Finally, the lyssavirus pseudotype panel was used to infect several animal cell lines to determine whether the viruses displayed any evidence of host adaptation. Some of the lyssavirus species showed increased infectivity in cells corresponding to their original host species, relative to a lab-adapted rabies virus strain.
Lyssavirus
Post-exposure prophylaxis
Mononegavirales
Cite
Citations (0)
Rabies is a highly fatal zoonotic disease caused by the rabies virus invading the central nervous system. When suspected of exposure to the rabies virus, post-exposure prophylaxis should be administered as soon as possible. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) neutralizing the rabies virus could be better in human rabies post-exposure prophylaxis than equine or human rabies immune globulin in terms of supply, cost, and efficacy. This article reviews anti-rabies mAbs produced by multiple techniques, and the results of clinical trials for anti-rabies mAbs cocktails recognizing non-overlapping epitopes are also discussed.
Lyssavirus
Post-exposure prophylaxis
Duck embryo vaccine
Cite
Citations (23)
Rabies is a highly lethal disease with a long history that most of the patients were infected by dog bites. Therefore, the scientific popularization and research of rabies are particularly important. This article mainly analyzes rabies from three aspects: the rabies virus, the rabies vaccines and treatment methods. Firstly, the infection mode and characteristics of the rabies virus and some clinical features after human infection with the rabies virus were analyzed, so as to facilitate people's understanding of the infection route and reduce the infection rate. The introduction of clinical features also made it easier for doctors or relatives of patients to determine whether patients were infected with rabies. Enable patients to get effective treatment quickly. The rabies vaccine is the main measure to prevent rabies. This part lists the history of human rabies vaccines and introduces some successful human rabies vaccines. Finally, the current treatment status of rabies is introduced, the methods that may play an important role in the treatment of rabies in the future are proposed, and the possibility of rabies being cured is confirmed. However, due to the complex mechanism of rabies itself, it is still necessary to continue to study rabies in order to completely defeat this disease.
Rabies vaccine
Duck embryo vaccine
Cite
Citations (0)
Rabies virus belong to the family Rhabdoviridae; it has a coiled RNA core surrounded by a bullet-shaped envelop, covered with glycoproteins surface projections. After entry into a new host in the bite site, the virus multiplies in muscle cells and it spreads through neural pathways, without stimulating a protective host immune-response. Transmission depends on simultaneous delivery of virus to the salivary gland and the limbic system of the brain, which is the cause of the animal fury and biting tendency. In México, rabies continues to be a serious health and economic problem, and urban rabies still predominates with a large number of human and animal cases recorded yearly. A total of 426 human deaths were reported between 1978 and 1983. Over 9,069 cases of animal rabies were reported in 1986 and 50,000 patients required antirabies postexposure vaccinations. Infected animals can be identified by demonstration of specific fluorescence in brain tissue. A dog or cat which has bitten a human should be captured and observed by a veterinarian for 15 days. The immediate objective of postexposure treatment is to prevent virus from entering and damaging neural tissue, therefore, promptness is essential. All wounds should be thoroughly cleared with soap and water concurrent use of both passive and active immunization provides optimal therapy. Wherever possible, human rather than equine products should be used for passive immunization, and Fuenzalida's nerve tissue rabies vaccine should be used for active protection. Paediatricians should urge parents to caution children attempting to get stray or wild animals as pets. Domestic dogs and cats should be thoroughly vaccinated.
Lyssavirus
Biting
Active immunization
Brain tissue
Cite
Citations (4)
Direct fluorescent antibody
Lyssavirus
Nucleoprotein
Cite
Citations (7)
Journal Article A Recombinant Human Adenovirus Vaccine against Rabies Get access Ludvik Prevec, Ludvik Prevec Reprints and correspondence: Dr. L. Prevec, Department of Biology, LSB429, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar James B. Campbell, James B. Campbell Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Brian S. Christie, Brian S. Christie Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Larry Belbeck, Larry Belbeck Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Frank L. Graham Frank L. Graham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 161, Issue 1, January 1990, Pages 27–30, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/161.1.27 Published: 01 January 1990 Article history Received: 08 April 1989 Revision received: 10 August 1989 Published: 01 January 1990
Duck embryo vaccine
Recombinant virus
Lyssavirus
Rabies vaccine
Mononegavirales
Cite
Citations (145)
Abstract Rabies virus as a neurotropic agent causes rabies in humans and animals. Rabies virus transmission usually occurs through direct contact with saliva of rabid animals. However, serological and molecular tests commonly are used in diagnosing rabies but all the detection methods of rabies have some limitations. It is necessary to develop a rapid, effective, and low‐cost biosensor as an alternative tool to detect rabies virus. In this review, we studied related biosensor researches to rabies virus detection for comparing it with other detection test including serological and molecular methods. Given that very limited studies have been conducted in this field, biosensors as quick, effective, and high sensitivity tools can be used in diagnostic of rabies as an alternative tool instead of other detection methods. According to the important role of rapid detection of rabies in the control of infection and public health measures, development of a biosensor as a quick tool can be very significant in the diagnosis of rabies.
Lyssavirus
Cite
Citations (15)
Lyssavirus
Mononegavirales
Nucleoprotein
Cite
Citations (16)
Objective To conduct rabies virus antigen detection for the tissue samples from a suspected rabies case and provide laboratory support to the clinical diagnosing. Methods Rabies virus antigen was detected for the tissue samples (skin,cornea and brain) from the suspected rabies case by direct fluorescent antibody method (DFA). Results The samples of skin and brain were positive for rabies virus antigen,but the cornea sample was negative. ConclusionRabies virus was detected in hair follicles of skin from suspected rabies case for the first time,which filled in a gap in rabies laboratory diagnosing by skin sample in Hunan province and provide the evidence for the early laboratory diagnosing of suspected rabies case.
Direct fluorescent antibody
Lyssavirus
Cite
Citations (0)
Objective To study the human rabies cases occurred in 2003 and 2004 in Wugang and Dongkou areas in Hunan province, and to explore the possible factors causing the epidemics. Methods Each case of rabies was investigated. Brains of the canines were collected, and direct immunofluorescence assay was used to detect rabies virus antigen in the brains. N gene was amplified by RT-PCR, and then sequenced. The phyologenetic trees were constructed to study the genetic characters of rabies virus. Results From 1991 to 2002, only one of the human rabies case was occurred in the area of Wugang or Dongkou but 30 cases of human rabies were reported in the same areas in 2003-2004. Among 62 cases, 61 were attributed to dog bites, and one was reported to be bitten by a cat. Median incubation period was 44.18 days for the 50 cases with clear history records. However, it was noticeable that 7(14%) and 16(32%) of the 50 cases developed the disease within 15 days and 20 days after the exposure. A total of 99 dog brains were examined for rabies viral antigen by IFA, and 13(13. 13% ) showed positive. Data from the sequences of partial N gene on 2 isolates of the rabies virus showed that they had high homology with the known isolates from Guangxi and Anhui. The phylogenetic tree constructed with the entire N gene sequence showed the two isolates were rabies virus and the homology of nucleotides sequences between the two isolates were 99.4%. They also had 86.1 %-89, 1 % nucleotide sequence identity with vaccine strains, CTN, aG and PV. When comparing the deduced amino acid sequences of the two isolates, some amino acid residues, including the residues in the antigenic site IV , were substituted. Conclusion The virus caused the outbreak in Wugang and Dongkou did not seem to be a new type of rabies virus. The increasing number of dogs and the high rate of dogs carrying the virus might be responsible for the rabies outbreaks.
Direct fluorescent antibody
Lyssavirus
Cite
Citations (0)