Atmospheric nitrogen inputs into the coastal ecosystem (ANICE): the Southern North Sea as a study area
Gerrit de LeeuwLeo H. CohenG.J. KunzM. MoermanGary GeernaertOle HertelBjarne JensenBritta PedersenE. VignatiLise Lotte SørensenSøren LundTim JickellsL. SpokesHeinke Schlu ̈nzenLaura KleinKnut von SalzenMichael SchulzSuzanne Tamm
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Abstract Heymans, J. J., Howell, K. L., Ayers, M., Burrows, M. T., Gordon, J. D. M., Jones, E. G., and Neat, F. 2011. Do we have enough information to apply the ecosystem approach to management of deep-sea fisheries? An example from the West of Scotland. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 265–280. There is currently a global call for more use of an ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAFM), and ecosystem models such as Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) are being used to provide a holistic view of ecosystem–fisheries interactions. Although these can be useful for an EAFM, the relative paucity of data available for deep-sea ecosystems raises concerns whether we can effectively apply an EAFM to the deep sea. The deep-sea ecosystem off the west coast of Scotland has been studied for longer and in more detail than most. This study assimilates the significant published and unpublished information available on this ecosystem into an EwE model. The results suggest that there are sufficient data available to construct an ecosystem model, but the quality of the data varies and serious potential sources of error are present in biomass and discard estimates. The assumptions needed to produce a model are varied and must be considered when interpreting the outputs of the model. Ecosystem modelling provides a unique view of the deep-water ecosystem and facilitates hypothesis development concerning predator–prey and inter-fishery interactions. Sharks are used to illustrate the benefits of using an ecosystem model to describe changes in their biomass and their prey species. The results show that both fishing for sharks and fishing for their prey affect the biomass of sharks.
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shows factors that could exacerbate this phenomenon and result in disastrous consequences for marine ecosystems . The state of knowledge related to OA status, dynamics and impacts is lacking in the country, ruling out the possibility to really predict OA impact on the viability of marine and coastal ecosystems. We used the knowledge of Cameroon marine and coastal ecosystems and services they provide to analyze the potential effects OA could have on this environment, and call attention to the importance of conducting research on this topic in the country.
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Abstract Coastal ecosystems are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic stressors such as harmful algal blooms and hypoxia through the combined effects of eutrophication and warming. As a major terrestrial nitrogen source to the ocean, rivers play a key role in shaping coastal nitrogen budgets and biogeochemical cycling. Combining an enhanced‐resolution, global ocean biogeochemical model with temporally changing river inputs, we estimate that elevated river nitrogen loads alone resulted in a 5.8% increase (16.6 Tg) in the global coastal nitrogen inventory from 1961 to 2010, accompanied by increases in coastal net primary productivity (+4.6%) and benthic detrital flux (+7.3%). The ecosystems most sensitive to added nitrogen were those with long residence times and strong nitrogen limitation. While even enhanced‐resolution global models remain limited in their capacity to resolve shelf‐scale responses, these basic factors provide two relevant axes for frameworks assessing the comparative coastal ecosystem susceptibility to enhanced nitrogen loads, and the effectiveness of mitigation strategies.
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The results of the present research study indicate that the isotopic composition of nitrogen in the sea anemone Anemonia sulcata may be an excellent parameter for detecting and monitoring human sewage input into the marine coastal ecosystems of the Adriatic Sea if caution is used in selecting unpolluted reference sites. The 1 5 N signal of Anemonia sulcata tissue was significantly higher at more or less polluted sites of the semi-enclosed Pirovac Bay and in the coastal part of the Murter Sea (Central Adriatic) than in the reference location. 1 5 N enrichment was as high as 7.7 ‰ and is larger that would be expected from natural variation alone. Furthermore, the results also enabled us to create a map of δ 1 5 N values, which could be useful in monitoring the influence of human sewage impacts in marine coastal ecosystems.
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At present, Marine Ecosystem Health ( MEH ) is a new and hot topic in ecological research. Based on the present characteristic of marine ecosystem, in this paper, the concept of MEH was generalized. And the main methods used to assess the health condition of MEH were introduced. The category, choosing indicators, and study process of MEH based on the domestic and foreign references about this domain were discussed. In detail, the paper listed a system of Marine Ecosystem Health assessment indicators so as to establish an available model to assess marine ecosystem health. Finally, this paper put forward these problems and research trends in future.
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Through previous studies,the main research method is obtained,by establishing ecosystem models based on the experiment and observation.In this paper,the marine ecosystem model research results have been summarized,and it is found that the primary productivity model is the main direction of the pure ecological model and the ecosystem dynamical model is a inevitable trend of the future marine ecosystem.Meanwhile,the largescale marine construction projects have made a great impact on marine ecosystems in our country,while related ecosystem impact forecasting model is still less,so it seems especially important to improve the marine ecosystem forecasting capacity in order to effectively reduce the ecosystem impact which the coastal construction projects make on.
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With increasing pressure for a profound understanding of marine ecosystems,numerical modeling becomes a powerful tool for the research.The development of marine ecosystem dynamics model in the last decades is reviewed.In general,marine ecosystem dynamics model could be classified into several different categories according to various features.Typical model COHERENS(COupled Hydrodynamical Ecological model for REgioNal Shelf seas)is introduced in this article.The latest study focussed on marine ecosystem dynamics model are summarized,for example,interaction between marine ecosystem and global climate change,biological approach models including higher trophic levels,application of ecosystem models in forecasting and public policy.Finally,issues and challenges in the marine ecosystem model in the near future are also discussed.
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