Analysis of the relationship between the severity of periodontal destruction and proteoglycan metabolism of gingiva and gingival crevicular fluid
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Abstract Background: Although it is well‐described that proteoglycans (PGs) are among the major non‐collagenous components of the matrix which are degraded during periodontal diseases, the relationship between PG metabolism and seventy of periodontal breakdown, the extent of degradation of PGs together with the resulting end‐products, and the elimination pathways of these catabolic end‐products is likely to need further clarification. Objective: The main aim of the present study was to analyze the possible impact of severity of periodontal destruction on PG metabolism of gingiva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Material and methods: For this purpose, gingiva and GCF samples obtained from patients ( n =45) exhibiting sites ( n =57) with moderate periodontal breakdown (MP) or severe periodontal breakdown (SP) were analyzed for PG metabolism via spectrophotometric determination of uronic acid levels. Gingiva and GCF samples were obtained from the same sites in every patient to analyze the possible relationship between uronic acid content of gingival tissue and GCF. Results: No significant differences were found in uronic acid levels between sites with MP and SP ( p >0.05). The uronic acid content of GCF and gingiva showed significant overlaps between MP and SP sites and uronic acid levels did not present any constant correlation with the clinical parameters ( p >0.05). In a similar manner, uronic acid content of GCF and gingival tissue was not correlated ( p >0.05). Conclusion: The lack of a significant correlation between the uronic acid content of gingival tissue and GCF may suggest that the passage of PG metabolites from gingiva to GCF is likely to be under the influence of multifactorial interactions rather than being linear. As a general measure of PG metabolism, uronic acid levels do not seem to be related with the severity of periodontal destruction and tend to act as different measures when compared to traditional clinical parameters.Keywords:
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Catabolism
The investigation included 17 psoriatics and 19 healthy controls. The content of sulphate per disaccharide unit (sulphate/uronic acid ratio) was measured in the sulphated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) isolated from urine and dermal biopsies of the gluteal region. Biopsies were taken from both involved and uninvolved skin of the psoriatics. Perfectly normal sulphate/uronic acid ratios were found in the involved and uninvolved skin as well as in the urine of the psoriatics. A close and positive correlation between the sulphate/uronic acid ratio of the sulphated GAGs in the affected and unaffected skin of the psoriatics was discovered. The results are discussed in relation to earlier findings on the same specimens which shows that the concentration of sulphated GAGs in the psoriatic lesions is increased (28%) as is the urinary excretion of sulphated GAG in the same patients (62%).
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A new method for the isolation of the urine glycosaminoglycans (GAG) with the use of ethanol is suggested. Experimental conditions for ethanol sedimentation and purification of GAG have been selected. It is suggested that the urine GAGs be divided into sulfated and nonsulfated with the use of resochin and their uronic acids and hexoses be examined. The normal GAG level and composition in humans have been determined.
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Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are one of the important components of articular cartilage. The present study had determined the contents of uronic acid, galactomine, glucosamine, and hexosamine of temporomandibular joint discs in 10 dogs by Bitter's carbozole reaction method and derivative spectrophotometry. The data indicated that the contents of these components in different bands of the disc are not significantly different and that the discs of dogs contained averagely 0.6%, 0.987%, 0.4% and 1.4% of uronic acid, galactomine, glucosamine, and hexosamine respectively. The data also suggested that the discs contained keratan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate in some degree. This study is significant for analysing TMJ disc functions and its biomechanical properties in the future.
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남해안에서 주로 여름철에 어획하여 부산 및 경남 지역을 위주로 소비하고 있는 군소에서 다당류 추출을 위한 최적조건을 검토하였다. 군소 다당류 추출을 위한 단백질 가수분해 효소로는 Flavourzyme 500 MG가 가장 효과적이었고, 추출한 다당류의 회수를 위한 가장 효율적인 추출물의 농도와 ethanol 첨가량은 각각 Brix 60과 5배량이었다. DEAESepharose 칼럼 크로마토그래피로 얻은 크로마토그램상의 전기전도도와 전기영동 이동도에 근거하여 0.5~0.75 M NaCl 상에서 용출되는 물질이 GAG임을 확인하였으며, heparan sulfate인 것으로 추정하였다. 다당추출물과 정제 GAG의 uronic acid 함량은 각각 1.0 g/100 g과 6.0 g/100 g이었고, GAG를 구성하는 성분으로 지표물질인 hexosamine의 함량은 당 추출물과 정제물에서 각각 5.6 g/100 g과 25.7 g/100g이었다. 정제물은 agarose 겔 전기영동 상에서 heparan sulfate로 추정되었으며, 분자량은 겔 크로마토그래피에서 29.6 kDa으로 나타났다.
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A new method for the isolation of the urine glycosaminoglycans (GAG) with the use of ethanol is suggested. Experimental conditions for ethanol sedimentation and purification of GAG have been selected. It is suggested that the urine GAGs be divided into sulfated and nonsulfated with the use of resochin and their uronic acids and hexoses be examined. The normal GAG level and composition in humans have been determined.
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Using methods which have been described earlier in detail [23] the sulphate/uronic acid molar ratio of glycosaminoglycans was determined in corresponding specimens of skin and urine obtained from 14 healthy adults. The method of dermis was provided with an electrophoretic separation that made it possible to determine the ratio of the sulphate subfraction without increasing the weight of the biopsies. The sulphate/uronic acid ratios were uninfluenced by age and were exactly equal in males and females whether measured in total glycosaminoglycans of dermis (0 X 51 +/- 0 X 11, means +/- SD), in the sulphated subfraction of dermal glycosaminoglycans (1 X 17 +/- 0 X 25) or in urinary glycosaminoglycans (0 X 96 +/- 0 X 15). The latter ratio was surprisingly high and the significance of this was discussed. Furthermore an inverse relationship between the urinary ratio and the ratio of sulphated glycosaminoglycans of dermis was found. However the exact nature of this relationship remains to be explained. The results demonstrate the applicability of a method that can be used on small biopsies without ethical obstacles and make it possible to discover pathological conditions.
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The chemical composition and biological activities of pure glycosaminoglycan from Patinopecten yessoensis waste were studied. The result showed that:the content of sulfate,uronic acid and amino sugar in glycosaminoglycan was 5.75% ±0.42% ,25.86% ±1.35% and 1.03% ±0.26% respectively. Glycosaminoglycan had a strong scavenging capacity of hydroxyl radical and a certain scavenging capacity of superoxide anion radical,but the effect was weaker than that of vitamin C. Glycosaminoglycan had strong inhibition on HepG2 cell,Glycosaminoglycan could extended the time of TT,PT and APTT in vitro experiment,but its activities were lower than that of heparin.
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Infusion of a dextran solution of equivalent osmolality to plasma into a patient with the Sanfilippo syndrome caused an increased excretion of uronic acid. This increase was less than that obtained previously, when an equal amount of plasma was infused into the same patient. Moreover, there were no significant changes in the ratio of larger to smaller glycosaminoglycan fragments or in the sulphate/uronic acid ratios, in contrast to the changes noted subsequent to plasma infusion. It is concluded, therefore, that in this case infusion of dextran was not as effective as plasma in inducing a temporary increased mobilisation of pathological glycosaminoglycans.
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