Multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber laser using a moiré Bragg grating in polarization-maintaining fiber
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A multi-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser using a Moire Bragg grating in polarization-maintaining fiber is proposed. Two Moire Bragg gratings in Polarization-maintaining fiber are respectively fabricated successfully through stretching and double, triplicate exposure method. The two gratings fabricated respectively have four and six reflection peaks and are respectively incorporated in the linear erbium-doped fiber laser cavities to perform mode-selection and output coupler functions. The proposed laser can be made to operate in simultaneous four-wavelength or six-wavelength operations when the EDF is cooled in liquid nitrogen (77K).Keywords:
Fiber Bragg Grating
PHOSFOS
Erbium
Long-period fiber grating
The interaction between acoustic wave and the laser light passing through an optical fiber has been studied by several workers.1)-4) The detection of acoustic wave using an optical fiber carried out5)6), also. The receiving sensitivity of optical fiber hydrophone is determined by the rate of change in the optical path length of the sensing fiber with respect to changes in the external pressure on the fiber. These changes in the optical path length are results of the induced changes in index of refraction of the fiber and changes in the length of the fiber. There are the hydrophone of an interference using two optical fibers and a non-interference using a polarization-maintaining optical fiber. In this paper, an ultrasonic sensor using a polarization-maintaining optical fiber based on a. non-interference has been studied.
Hydrophone
Optical path length
Optical path
Fiber Bragg Grating
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The spectrum responses of fiber Bragg gratings controlled by in-fiber light were demonstrated. Fiber Bragg gratings coated with carbon films were heated with in-fiber high-power 910-nm diode laser light leaked through fiber cladding for resonance wavelength tuning, spectrum stretching, and compression.
Fiber Bragg Grating
PHOSFOS
Long-period fiber grating
Cladding (metalworking)
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A fiber sensor configuration suitable for simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain is investigated. The sensor consists of a high-birefringence fiber loop mirror concatenating with an erbium-doped fiber. The high-birefringence fiber used in the configuration is capsule shaped polarization maintaining fiber, which serves as the sensor element. While the erbium-doped fiber acts as the temperature compensation module. By monitoring the peak power variation and peak wavelength shift, it is feasible to simultaneously measure temperature and strain. The experimental results show that the mean square errors for temperature and stain are 0.35°C and 13.34με, respectively. The proposed sensor configuration shows several merits, including simple in structure, easy fabrication, low cost and high sensitivity.
Erbium
Fiber Bragg Grating
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In-fiber optical devices have low insertion loss, high reliability and compatibility with the fiber systems and transmission network. They are different from the in-line components that are typically produced by coupling the light in and out of the optical fiber to and from some bulk or integrated optical waveguide device, therefore, inducing high insertion loss. An in-fiber optical polarizer is a key component for integration of optical fiber system. The fiber grating technology has been vastly developed in the last two decades. It is a mature technique to achieve in-fiber optical components (reflection mirror, dispersion compensator, mode coupler et al.) with simple fabrication process, freely designed operating wavelength and no fiber type limitation. We have reported the 45° tilted fiber grating (45°-TFG) is an ideal in-fiber linear polarizer, which is based on Brewster's law. The polarization extinction ratio achieved by a 48mm long 45° TFG is exceeding 50 dB at the peak value and more than 40 dB over 50nm wavelength range. Compare with the otherin-fiber polarizers technique, such as anisotropic absorption, chiral fiber grating, and polarizing fiber based structures, the 45°-TFG based polarizers have many advantages, such as low cost, simply fabrication process, no limited by the fiber type, arbitrary operation wavelength, high polarization extinction ration, linear polarization state preservation and high handling power. Moreover, by using 45°-TFGs, we can achieved an all-fiberLyot filter (AFLF) - an in-fiber polarization interferometer, an all fiber mode locking fiber laser system, in-fiber power taping device and optical spectrometer.
Fiber Bragg Grating
Polarizer
Long-period fiber grating
Extinction ratio
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A simple refractive-index fiber sensor based on a tilted Bragg fiber grating interacting with multimode fiber is described. The sensor structure is formed by insertion of a small section of MMF between the single-mode fiber and the tilted Bragg fiber grating. The average reflective power in the cladding modes of the TFBG reflected a different power as the surrounding refractive index changes, while the power of the reflected Bragg mode keeps unchanged. The refractive index unit sensitivity of 28.5 μW is achieved. The proposed sensor shows great potential for biological applications.
Fiber Bragg Grating
PHOSFOS
Long-period fiber grating
Refractometer
Cladding mode
Cladding (metalworking)
Mode volume
Normalized frequency (unit)
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Fiber Bragg gratings have gained world wide attention as sensor devices and as components for fiber communications. They enable one to have wavelength selective elements exposed directly in the light guiding core of an optical fiber. These devices would be greatly enhanced if the fiber grating element had a large wavelength tuning range capability. Changing the Bragg wavelength of a fiber grating is easily accomplished by applying tension to the fiber or heating the fiber for a thermal tuning effect.
Fiber Bragg Grating
PHOSFOS
Long-period fiber grating
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Fiber Bragg Grating
PHOSFOS
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The basic, well-known of the fiber task is to transmit the optical signal along an optical fiber. To achieve this, you should reduce energy losses which result from reflections on the border of core - clad. However, in some cases, the light output can be derived by side surface the fiber. Luminous flux through side surface of optical fiber is realized in many ways. It is possible to change local shape of cylindrical fiber or scattering light on border between core and clad. Side optical fiber with helical spiral core have a different way of side emission. It is the result of controlled scattering inside the optical fiber [1].
Double-clad fiber
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We report a novel device that modulates the Bragg reflectivity of a fiber grating by exciting the transverse vibration of the fiber through an acoustic wave. The excitation of the transverse vibration, leading to fiber microbending, induces the coupling of the fiber core mode into cladding modes. This leads to the reduction of core-mode power and hence that of Bragg reflection. This mechanism provides us a means to control the reflectivity after a fiber Bragg grating is fabricated. The numerical results based on a simple micro-bending model agree well in trend with the experimental data.
Fiber Bragg Grating
PHOSFOS
Long-period fiber grating
Cladding mode
Cladding (metalworking)
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