Pregnancy after removal of NORPLANTR implants contraceptive
Biran AffandiS.S.I. SantosoDjajadilaga DjajadilagaW. HadisaputraF. A. MoeloekJoedo PrihartonoF. LubisRatna Suprapti Samil
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Birth control
Levonorgestrel
Kingdom
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The present and future of population control in People's Republic of China is described. National health services which make extensive use of barefoot doctors, include family planning. Late marriage, sterilization, contraceptives, and abortion are used as methods of family planning. Studies show that late marriage has lowered the proportion of married women of childbearing age to 14%, 68% of whom practice birth control. Abortion and sterilization are available on demand. The conclusion reached is that some 35% of all potentially fertile women in China practice birth control; a fact which contributes to the ability of that nation to raise its standard of living.
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A new compaign for offering and providing family planning services through the National Health Service in England is discussed. The campaign attempts to have contraception regarded as preventive medicines. The Abortion Act provided abortion reform, which has resulted in women receiving free abortions, but women in the lying-in wards who ask for contraception must pay for it. The Family Planning Association (FPA) is abandoning its domiciliary family planning approach because it is too expensive and difficult to deal with. This is the approach that the Minister of Health is encouraging, but he is discouraging giving birth control advice at maternity hospitals and welfare clinics. The FPA will never reach the working class properly for it relies on clients who can refer themselves to the clinic and who are prepared to pay an initial fee for advice and services plus the cost of their own supplies. A birth control campaign has been launched to try to bring about more effective family planning services. It is held that this birth control legislation should have been enacted before abortion reform.
Birth control
Family planning policy
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The People's Republic of China has a national family planning program which encourages late marriage, small families, and long birth intervals. The program attempts to make modern contraceptive, sterilization, and abortion services easily accessible. The birth planning program in 2 communes - Wan-Tou and Chang-Ching - is described in detail. In both communes, propaganda teams seek to reeducate the people to the new norms. Nearly 90% of all eligible women are using some form of birth control; in Wan-Tou more than 60% are using IUDs and less than 10% have been sterilized while in Chang-Ching the proportions are reversed. Both communities view family planning as legitimate and place a high priority on it. Traditional views regarding male superiority and the desirability of large families are the main obstacles to the family planning program. Regional variations exist in contraceptive preferences but practice is higher than 90% throughout the country. Municipal records, a sample of which is discussed, are used to monitor progress. The program has succeeded in lowering the birthrate since the early 1960s but more effort will be needed in the future.
Birth control
Family planning policy
Sterilization
People's Republic
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Husbands should be involved in family planning practices because, in many societies, men have a superior role in the decision-making process. This involvement will lessen the hurdles to birth control and planned parenthood. In some cultures, husbands have the authority to decide on family planning. Therefore, for successful contraception, they should be engaged in birth control practices. Some people believe that men should not be involved in family planning. However, they think that only women should be educated regarding modern and advanced contraceptive methods. Opponents argue that instead of involving men in family planning practices, it would be better to focus solely on women and teach them about options such as intrauterine device placement, contraceptive pills, and injections. This paper argues that an uncontrolled population is a great burden for developing countries such as Pakistan. Therefore, to solve this issue, males should be engaged in birth control practices equally with females.
Birth control
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Population control
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Before discussing family planning, birth control, and contraception, it is crucial to define the terms. Family planning/birth control are contraceptive methods, treatment of infertility, procedures, devices, and behaviors that allow people to obtain their desired number of children and determine the spacing of pregnancies. Contraception is a subset of family planning/birth control, defined as the intentional use of artificial methods or other practices to prevent pregnancy. The primary forms of contraception are a barrier method, hormonal, nonhormonal IUD, and sterilization.
Birth control
Sterilization
Natural family planning
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Contraception plays a pivotal role in birth control and family planning and thus affects millions of women not only in the U.S. but also world-wide. Efforts are made in the U.S. to reduce the percentage of unwanted pregnancies, i.e., 49%, which compares unfavorably with Western Europe's percentage of 34% [1,2]. Despite a vast and steadily-increasing literature on the issues of family planning and birth control, several questions are still awaiting clarification, especially with regard to medicinal chemistry, i.e., effects of chemical substances on human endocrinology. The following analysis aims at identifying problem areas in contemporary research and draws attention to flawed data in scholarly publications.
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Family planning, also known as contraception or birth control, is a way to control unwanted pregnancies. Many methods of family planning are available, so each couple should be able to find one that is right for them. All sexually active adults must consider family planning issues. According to the World Health Organization, family planning is not just about preventing pregnancy, but also about timing conception so that every baby is wanted and planned. The birth control method you choose must take into consideration personal preferences, habits and health concerns. Despite the long history of family planning in India, the rapid population growth still remains the knotty and viscous problem today.
Birth control
Population control
Natural family planning
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