A study of microstructure and crystal orientation in directionally solidified Ni–Fe–Ga–Co magnetic shape memory alloys
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Substructure
Diffusionless transformation
Directional solidification
Crystal (programming language)
Temperature Gradient
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The collapses of beam bridges occur at the substructure more frequently than the superstructure. One of the causes of these phenomena is the difference of the design processes of super- and substructure. In this report, at first the author examines the present design processes, and then proposes a design method which is based on the conditions that collapses of super- and substructure occur at the same time.
Substructure
Superstructure
Bridge (graph theory)
Beam bridge
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Abstract A mechanical system generally consists of many substructures. However, it is impossible to observe the dynamic behavior of any substructure directly when the whole structure is in operation. A method was proposed in this work to determine the FRFs of a substructure by using the measured FRFs of the whole structure and the priorly known FRFs of another substructure With this method, one can detect the structural damage more easily by observing the change of the FRFs of the damaged substructure.
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The new structure optimum design method is presented. It deal with the large-scale structure vibration characteristic problem; divide all structure into the no-change substructure and the design substructure. Make reduction analytical model for the no-change substructure with GDR reduction method; to the design substructure create some basis-vector to adapt to designers needs. Assemble two substructures to the structure, and solve its optimal vibration characteristic result.
Substructure
Basis (linear algebra)
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Electron Backscattered Diffraction(EBSD) technique in the scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the twinning of AZ31 magnesium alloy compressed at room temperature and 150℃,with the compression axis parallel to ND and TD.In samples deformed at 150℃ extensive twinning {10-12} only occurs in samples where the basal plane normals are initially aligned approximately perpendicular to the compressive stress axis.We discuss the particular advantage of EBSD for research on the relationship between grain orientation and twinning,and the difficulty of preparing magnesium sample for EBSD studies.
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This paper proposes a frequency-domain method of substructure identification for local health monitoring using substructure isolation method (SIM). The first key step of SIM is the numerical construction of the isolated substructure, which is a virtual and independent structure that has the same physical parameters as the real substructure. Damage identification and local monitoring can be then performed using the responses of the simple isolated substructure and any of the classical methods aimed originally at global structural analysis. This paper extends the SIM to frequency domain, which allows the computational efficiency of the method to be significantly increased in comparison to time domain. The mass-spring numerical model is used to introduce the method. Two aluminum beams with the same substructure are then used in experimental verification. In both cases the method performs efficiently and accurately.
Substructure
Identification
Isolation
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Reports of Type II twins are quite rare for most crystal structures. When they do occur, they are usually one of a number of possible twinning modes observed in a particular material. However, for the triclinic phase devitrite, Na2Ca3Si6O16, which nucleates from commercial soda−lime−silica float glass subjected to suitable heat treatments, the only reported twinning mode to date is a Type II twinning mode. In this study, this Type II twinning mode is first examined by molecular dynamics simulation to determine the lowest energy configuration of perfect twin boundaries for the twin mode. This is then compared with the lowest energy configurations of perfect twin boundaries found for six possible Type I twinning modes for devitrite for which the formal deformation twinning shear is less than 0.6. The most favourable twin plane configuration for the Type II twinning crystallography is shown to produce reasonably low twin boundary energies and sensible predictions for the optimum locations of the twin plane, K 1, and the [1 0 0] rotation axis, η 1, about which the 180° Type II twinning operation takes place. By comparison, all the Type I twinning modes were found to have very energetically unstable atomic configurations, and for each of these twinning modes, the lowest energy configurations found all led to high effective K 1 twin boundary energies relative to perfect crystal. These results therefore provide a rationale for the experimental observation of the particular Type II twinning mode seen in devitrite.
Triclinic crystal system
Crystal (programming language)
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In the present work, we summarized two calculation methods to determine some specific crystallographic elements based on electron diffraction orientation measurements by SEM/EBSD or TEM. The first one is to determine the twin type and twinning elements of crystal twins based on the minimum shear criterion, using the experimentally determined twinning plane for Type I twin and compound twin or twinning direction for Type II twin as initial input. The method is valid for any crystal structure. The second one is one to determine the plane indices of the faceted interfaces where the orientation relationships (ORs) between the adjacent crystals are reproducible. The method requires one prepared sample surface instead of two perpendicular surfaces. These methods are expected to facilitate the related microstructural characterizations.
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