Comprehensive analyses of the initiation and entrainment processes of the 2000 Yigong catastrophic landslide in Tibet, China
195
Citation
57
Reference
10
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Keywords:
Landslide mitigation
Rockslide
Natural hazard
In 1584 a catastrophic debris avalanche (“Bergsturz”) occurred after an earthquake near Lake Geneva in Switzerland. Using a contemporary description this paper examines the scale and dynamics of landsliding. adding a new example to the few large rockslides whose parameters have been documented. The death toll (120) was greater than that provoked by the much larger and better known debris avalanches at Elm in Switzerland (1881) and Frank in Canada (1903).
Rockslide
Death toll
Natural hazard
Geologic hazards
Cite
Citations (12)
Because of the better stability of the slope body in the area of adverse-grade terrane,the cross-bedding rock landslides are usually neglected or judged wrongly during selecting the lines of highways.The sliding feature,principle of deformation,monitoring of deformation and stability of shear-layer rockslides occurred in Xiaojiabao were analyzed and demonstrated in details in the paper.Then the best project was adopted to treat the landslide successfully.The valuable experience and lessons not only supplied powerful evidence for understanding the shear-layer rockslides and designing the treatment project,but also provided some reference values for similar landslide's treatment.
Rockslide
Bedding
Feature (linguistics)
Bed
Cliff
Cite
Citations (0)
Landslide mitigation
Flash flood
Cite
Citations (0)
The Frank Slide, a 30 × 10 6 m 3 rockslide–avalanche of Palaeozoic limestone, occurred in April 1903 from the east face of Turtle Mountain in the Crowsnest Pass region of southwestern Alberta, Canada.The reconstruction of the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) line created a cut up to 16 m high across the deposit, giving a unique cross section nearly the depth of the debris. The debris shows vertical sorting. The base material is crushed limestone, mainly of sand and gravel size, and contains rounded pebbles from till or alluvial deposits on the surface of separation. The upper surface of the debris is an accumulation of large, predominantly angular boulders. Grain-size analyses by sieving and by "area-by-number" counts demonstrate a gradual increase in grain size with height above the base of the cut. Such inverse grading with fines concentrated at the base of the debris indicates that the landslide was not fluidized by gas pore pressures.The base material has run ahead of the coarse debris of the slide, which usually forms a second distinct scarp up to 300 m from the edge of the slide debris. Lateral ridges and distal rims have formed at only three places on the slide's margins, all close to crests of steep slopes the debris has run up. The Frank Slide then is not a slide of Shreve's Blackhawk type. Support for boulders in the debris probably came from dispersive forces and motion-induced vibration.
Rockslide
Alluvial fan
Cite
Citations (186)
Large landslide is a type of mass movement that causes drastic landform changes in a short period, and it causes huge human and property damage over a large area. The purpose of this study is to categorize the types and characteristics of large landslides around the Kokomeren River basin, Kyrgyzstan and to discuss the geomorphic development after the large landslides. The topographic analysis about a total of 20 landslides documented collapsed volumes of 0.01 to 1.10 km3, height drops of 180 to 1,770 m, and runout distances of 1,200 to 5,400 m. Rock avalanche and rockslide are identified as major types of large-scale landslides in the study area. Rock avalanches can be divided into P-type, J-type, and S-type based on the features of slope failure and kinematic characteristics of rock debris. Landslide synchronistic landforms such as trimlines, transverse ridges, longitudinal ridges, levees, and hummocks are well developed in the rock avalanche. The pieces of evidence of landslide dam, landslide-dammed lake, and remnant outburst flood deposits are observed in the upstream and downstream where the rockslides occurred. The Ak-Kiol landslide dam is the best example of a geomorphic development due to lake spillover and the large landslides were likely to be triggered by huge paleo-seismic events.
Rockslide
Landslide mitigation
Landform
Mass movement
Cite
Citations (0)
Rockslide
Bedding
Debris flow
Rockfall
Bed
Landslide mitigation
Cite
Citations (19)
Rockslide-debris avalanches associated with volcanic sector collapses are highly erosive phenomena. The amountof incorporated material is hard to estimate but the few data available suggest that it can easily reach 10 vol.% ofthe deposit. There are two major consequences of substratum incorporation on flow behaviour: 1) loss of kineticenergy by friction and 2) gain of potential energy as the volume increase. The efficiency of the erosive processeswill greatly influence flow mobility. We present field observations on several debris avalanche deposits (DADs) inEcuador (Chimborazo and Imbabura volcanoes), Chile (Taapaca volcanoes), and France (Monts Dore volcano) toillustrate how rockslide-debris avalanches incorporate substratum.The most common process of substratum incorporation is piece-by-piece erosion. This appears as basal shearingfeatures and has been found in most of the deposits. Nevertheless, the size of these erosion features varies greatlyfrom place to place. We found very large sections of basal contact at Chimborazo DAD. Planar contacts on epi-clastic, ash fall and fluviatile deposits in the distal region generally present minor erosion features (from severalcentimetres to few decimetres-long). Where the pre-avalanche topography is more rough, the shearing features aremuch larger (up to metres-long) and show evidence of the impact of the flow. We found pebbles from the substra-tum reduced to powder in the Monts Dore debris avalanche deposit about 35 km from the source. In this deposit,the presence of large megablocks (> 50 m-wide) in the mixed facies induces erosion of large blocks (> 5 m-wide)of unconsolidated conglomerate. Such erosive mechanisms appear to be energy-consuming.However, piecemeal erosion is not the unique incorporation process. We also found in most of the deposits signifi-cant evidence of substratum fluidisation. The best example of substratum fluidisation was encountered at one site atChimborazo DAD where a large amount (several tens of m3) of the Chalupas unconsolidated ignimbrite is injected40 m-up into the deposit body. Fluidised sand and pumice injections (several centimetres-wide and metres-long)are also observed at Imbabura, Monts Dore and Taapaca DADs. Such an erosive mechanism appears much moreenergy-saving than piecemeal erosion.In conclusion we show that incorporation processes are complex and controlled by the substratum nature andtopography. It is important to note that low density and fine grained substratum layers such as unconsolidated ign-imbrites, ash and pumice fall, and sand deposit can be fluidised by the overriding rockslide-debris avalanche. Weexpect that such substratum can enhance the flow mobility.
Rockslide
Rockfall
Conglomerate
Cite
Citations (1)
The topography of a landslide area is, as a rule, considerably complicated. In landslide areas of the northern part of Nagano Prefecture, one important problem is the estimation of the kind of deformation added by landslide in the geomorphic process of mountainous landforms. In rockslide areas where landslides extend deep below the surface, geomorphic deformation occurs on a very large scale and the topography becomes very complicated. Rockslides take place in conjunction with various geologic structures but are especially notable where muddy acidic tuff exists in the base rock.As an example, this report deals with the landslide mechanism on Mt. Chausu and examines the unique features caused by geomorphic deformation. This landslide area features a rockslide with deep slide surface following its occurrence, and is not developed from a shallow layer slide. It should be noted that the topography formed by the landslide has a very specific character and that geomorphological development is completely different from that which existed prior to the landslide.
Rockslide
Landform
Landslide mitigation
Cite
Citations (0)
Earthquake is considered to be one of the main factors of the generation of a landslide. Especially in high mountain gorge areas,the huge landslide body inrushes into the river and barriers the river,which may further expand the disaster areas and form a disaster chain. Taking Xiaojiaoqiao landslide for example,the three-dimensional(3D) instability process of the landslide is reconstructed by using dynamic finite element method based on detailed geologic investigation results of the landslide area. With the analytical results,the forming process and river-blocking mechanism of Xiaojiaqiao landslide can be divided into four phases:(1) earthquake triggering and progressive failure of the rock mass;(2) landslide body failure and sliding with high speed;(3) impacting the opposite slope,being disintegrated,and blocking the river and forming the landslide dam;and (4) density under the impacting. Based on the geological structure characteristics of the landslide dam and the stability analytical results under different cases,the stability of the slope of landslide dam is good under natural state,but there may induce local collapses with strong earthquake;and the most possible failure model may be the gradual erosion damage of topping. As for the internal rock structure with general stability,there is little possibility forpiping failure and dam-breaking as a whole.
Landslide mitigation
Mass movement
Cite
Citations (4)
This paper introduced firstly geological condition of the landslide and then expounded the landslide configuration,characteristics of landslide surface and landslide bed,and the influence of climate,hydrological geological condition,landform and human engineering activities on the landslide.The formation process and mechanism of landslide were analyzed particularly,and the results includes five steps: excavating,landslide zone soil intenerated and shear strength decreasing or losing,slope surface upheaval and slope top crazing and shearing failure of slope foot,shearing failure area develops and connects with open crack of back part of landslide,land-sliding formation.According to quantitative methods,the slope is in the state of limit equilibrium at present.It is possible to slide fast under the influence of continuous rainfall or rainstorm ect..It is suggested that the treatment techniques such as excavation for reducing the load,drainage,and surface protection should be taken for the landslide treatment,
Landslide mitigation
Shearing (physics)
Landform
Slope failure
Failure mechanism
Cite
Citations (0)