The Enhancement of Second Harmonic Generation Modulated by the Field of Fundamental Wave
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The second harmonic generation (SHG) from one-dimensional periodic optical superlattice embedded into air is studied. It is found that the SHG conversion efficiency can be modulated by the field of fundamental wave (FW). In order to investigate the effect of the FW on the SHG, nonlinear non-polarized material is added in back of a crystal and the corresponding SHG conversion efficiency is calculated. Results show that the SHG conversion efficiency can be enhanced significantly when transmission resonance takes place, however, for different resonant peaks the values are different. In addition, the SHG conversion efficiencies can be modulated about 5 times by adjusting the thickness of added material.Keywords:
Frequency Conversion
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Second-harmonic imaging microscopy
Abstract The use of optical second harmonic generation (SHG) measurement of the exploration of dielectric polarization and related surface phenomena is described. Paying attention to the specific nature of material systems on the surface, orientational order parameters are introduced to characterize surface layers, and the SHG enhancement is described in terms of the order parameters. Also the sum‐frequency generation (SFG) and electric‐field‐induced SHG(EFISHG) are described as a tool of probing carrier motions in surface layers. The experimental system is shown with some results.
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A comparative experimental investigation of the dependence of second harmonic generation (SHG) on applied external voltage between the standard nematic liquid crystalline material and an analogue ferromagnetic nematic liquid crystalline material was performed by using a fundamental optical beam at 800 nm wavelength. For a ferromagnetic material, the dependence of SHG on an applied magnetic field was also examined. Three different polarization combinations of the fundamental and the second harmonic radiation were analysed. The SHG signal observed in the former material is attributed to a combination of electric field-induced SHG (EFISHG) and flexoelectric deformation-induced SHG, while SHG signal observed in the latter material is attributed solely to flexoelectric deformation-induced SHG. The obtained dependences of the SHG signal on the associated optical retardation show that in the most favourable polarization combination the two contributions generate about the same effective nonlinear optical susceptibility.
Second-harmonic imaging microscopy
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Theoretical study and numerical simulation were carried out on the newly proposed way of cascaded second harmonic generation (SHG) to get stable SHG output. The results certify that by way of using cascaded SHG one can obtain stable SHG output. Our results also show that by tuning the angle between k and the optical axis and the distance between the two SHG crystals, the length of the second SHG crystal for most stable SHG can also be tuned. When the length for most stable SHG is tuned to the real length of the second SHG crystal, stable SHG output was be obtained. Both stable SHG output and high SHG conversion efficiency can be got using this new way, and this will help a lot to design the pumping system for the optical pulse chirped amplifying system.
Second-harmonic imaging microscopy
Crystal (programming language)
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Optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) was used to probe the structure of freely suspended films of 4'-n-octyl-4-cyanobiphenyl (8CB) in the smectic-A phase. The intensity of the SHG from ultrathin films with thickness varying from 2 to 10 molecular layers appeared quantized, but its behavior suggested no modifications of molecular arrangement in the layers in the presence of the two ``free'' surfaces. A macroscopic theory for the SHG from a film with stratified nonlinear susceptibility is presented and compared with the experimental observation.
Second-harmonic imaging microscopy
Intensity
Harmonic
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Abstract Nonlinear second harmonic generation (SHG) and sum frequency generation (SFG) laser spectroscopies have been applied along with conventional surface analytical techniques to study the gaseous interactions on diamond surfaces. Recent results relevant to diamond CVD processes are discussed.
Frequency Conversion
Harmonic
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第二高調波発生（second harmonic generation，SHG）分光法は，表面•界面領域でのみ発現する二次の非線形光学現象を利用した表面•界面の選択的分光分析手法であり，吸着分子の吸着量や分子配向性解析等へ応用されている．著者らは，SHGの入射レーザー波長依存性であるSHGスペクトルが界面吸着分子の電子スペクトルに対応する点に着目し，SHGスペクトル測定装置の開発を行い，界面吸着分子の状態解析への応用を行ってきた．本論文では，装置の概略及び測定条件について述べるとともに，SHGスペクトル測定によりローダミンBのヘプタン/水界面あるいは石英/水界面における特徴的な会合状態について明らかにした．
Second-harmonic imaging microscopy
Rhodamine B
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Second-harmonic imaging microscopy
Point reflection
Characterization
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Abstract In the past several years, second-harmonic generation (SHG) has emerged as a powerful nonlinear optical contrast mechanism for biological imaging applications. SHG is a coherent processwhere two lower-energy photonsare up-converted to exactly twice the incident frequency (or half the wavelength). This effect was first demonstrated by Kleinman (Kleinman, 1962) in crystalline quartz in 1962, where thisadvance wasmade possible with the invention of the ruby laser. Since that discovery, SHG in uni-axial birefringent crystals has been exploited to frequency double pulsed lasers to obtain shorter wavelengths, thereby producing multiple colors from a single source. SHG from interfaces was later discovered by Bloembergen in 1968 and rapidly became a versatile spectroscopic tool to study chemical and physical processes at air–solid, air– liquid, and liquid–liquid interfaces (for reviews, see Eisenthal, 1996; Shen, 1989). The first integration of SHG and optical microscopy was achieved in 1974 by Hellwarth and coworkers, who used SHG as an imaging tool to visualize the microscopic crystal structure in polycrystalline ZnSe (Hellwarth & Christensen, 1974). Sheppard then implemented the method on a scanning microscope in 1977 (Sheppard et al., 1977).
Second-harmonic imaging microscopy
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A comparative experimental investigation of the dependence of second harmonic generation (SHG) on applied external voltage between the standard nematic liquid crystalline material and an analogue ferromagnetic nematic liquid crystalline material was performed by using a fundamental optical beam at 800 nm wavelength. For a ferromagnetic material, the dependence of SHG on an applied magnetic field was also examined. Three different polarization combinations of the fundamental and the second harmonic radiation were analysed. The SHG signal observed in the former material is attributed to a combination of electric field-induced SHG (EFISHG) and flexoelectric deformation-induced SHG, while SHG signal observed in the latter material is attributed solely to flexoelectric deformation-induced SHG. The obtained dependences of the SHG signal on the associated optical retardation show that in the most favourable polarization combination the two contributions generate about the same effective nonlinear optical susceptibility.
Second-harmonic imaging microscopy
SIGNAL (programming language)
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Second-harmonic imaging microscopy
Harmonic
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