Doppler color flow mapping demonstration of diastolic mitral regurgitation in severe acute aortic regurgitation
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Color doppler
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Color doppler
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To study the prevalence and the characteristics of physiological valve regurgitation.Pulsed wave Doppler echocardiography, continuous wave Doppler echocardiography and Doppler colour flow mapping were performed prospectively in healthy volunteers.Echocardiography laboratory in a city hospital.32 consecutive healthy volunteers (age 21-49 years, mean age 29.4).Identification of regurgitation with colour Doppler flow mapping and measurement of the jet area, jet length, and maximal velocity of the regurgitation.Regurgitation was recorded at the pulmonary (100%), tricuspid (100%), mitral (56%), and aortic valves (6%). The velocity of pulmonary and tricuspid regurgitation was similar to that predicted from the pressure gradient calculated from the Bernoulli equation. The jet area and jet length were generally small.Trivial regurgitation from the pulmonary, tricuspid, and mitral valves is common in healthy people. It is important to take such regurgitation into account when valve disease is diagnosed.
Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency
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Doppler echocardiography and color Doppler flow imaging were used to assess the results of percutaneous mitral valvotomy in 293 consecutive patients aged 16-86 years (mean age 52.4 ± 13.5). Doppler examinations were performed the day before as well as within 2 days and 3 months after valvotomy. The first 161 procedures were carried out using the double-balloon technique and the last 132 using the Inoue technique. Mitral valve area, calculated according to the Gorlin formula, increased on average from 1.0 ± 0.3 to 2.0 ± 0.5 cm^2 (p < 0.0001) and the mean gradient dropped on average from 12.5 ± 4 to 5 ± 2 mm Hg (p < 0.0001). Grade 1+ mitral regurgitation was present in 85 patients (29%) before valvotomy when estimated from left ventricular angiography. After valvotomy, it worsened to grade 2+ in 19 patients (6%) and to grade 3+ or 4+ in 5 cases (1.7%). Grade 1+, 2+ and 3+ mitral regurgitation appeared in 28 (9.5%), 5 (1.7%) and 6 patients (2%), respectively. Grade 1+ mitral regurgitation was detected by color Doppler in 159 patients (54%) before valvotomy. After the procedure, it worsened to grade 2+ in 16 patients (5%) and to grade 3+ or 4+ in 5 patients (1.7%). Grade 1+, 2+ and 3+ mitral regurgitation appeared in 30 (10%), 6 (2%) and 2 (0.7%) patients, respectively. Mitral regurgitation disappeared after valvotomy in 21 patients (7.2%). The specificity of color Doppler in the detection of mitral regurgitation was questionable when compared to contrast angiography (44%), perhaps because color Doppler may be more sensitive than left ventriculography in the diagnosis of mild mitral regurgitation. All in all, mitral regurgitation quantification determined by color Doppler correlated well with contrast angiography data, with a discrepancy of more than 1 grade in only 6 patients. The location and mechanism of mitral regurgitation were determined using color Doppler. Regurgitation was central in most cases; it was sometimes located on one commissure or on both in 26 cases. Color Doppler visualized an atrial septal defect in 115 patients (39%) on day 2, which persisted in 36 of 96 patients reexamined 3 months later. A shunt inversion was present during deep inhalation in 1 case. No correlation was found between the persistence or disappearance of the shunt and the results of mitral valvotomy.
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Objective:To evaluate vary cases morphology character of mitral regurgitation caused by different causes by Color Doppler Flowing Imaging(CDFI).Methods:Two-dimensional CDFI was used to diagnosis all kinds of mitral regurgitation caused by calcification,fibrosis,mucoid degeneration and shortening of mitral leaflet,chordae tendinese,mitral annulus.Results:The differences of mitral regurgitation in color Doppler flowing morphology,color and position caused by vary heart disease were found.Conclusion:Understanding character of mitral regurgitation caused by different heart disease and using of CDFI can make a sure diagnosis.
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Vena contracta
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Valvular Regurgitation
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Aortic Valve Insufficiency
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430 apparently healthy subjects were studied with color Doppler flow imaging system. There were 216 females and 214 males, their age ranged from 4-80 years (mean 41.2 years). They were divided into 6 groups by every ten years of age, with group I having age below 19 and group VI age above 70. None of the subjects had previous diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. Mitral regurgitation was detected in 30.9-52.8% in all the groups except group I, in which it was found in 20.0% only. The prevalence rate of tricuspid regurgitation was 9.8-36% in the six groups. Pulmonary regurgitation signals were detected in 43.8-4.8% in these groups with a tendency of lower incidence in the elderly. Aortic regurgitation were detected only in the three elder groups with an incidence of 5.5% in group 4 and 13.6% in group 6. The reason for that may be the degeneration of aortic valve with aging. Our study showed that in a large proportion of normal persons color Doppler echocardiography allows recording of regurgitation signals behind cardiac valves except for aortic valve. The regurgitation volume was small and there was no significant hemodynamic effect. The size and diameter of the heart chambers were normal when compared with other studies.
Color doppler
Valvular Regurgitation
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