Psychometric properties of the Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST) in a French sample of adolescents
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Cannabis Dependence
CIDI
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The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10) is a short screening tool developed to identify, with good sensitivity, non-specific psychological distress in the general population. Sensitivity and specificity of the K-10 have been examined in various clinical populations in South Africa; however, other psychometric properties, such as construct validity and factor structure, have not been evaluated. We present evidence of the prevalence and severity of psychological distress in an outpatient setting in South Africa and evaluate the internal reliability, construct validity, and factor structure of the K-10 in this population.We explored prevalence estimates of psychological distress using previously established cutoffs and assessed the reliability (consistency) of the K-10 by calculating Cronbach's alpha, item-total correlations and omega total and hierarchical coefficients. Construct validity and factor structure of the K-10 were examined through split-sample exploratory factor analysis (EFA) followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), comparing several theoretical models and the EFA.Overall, there was low prevalence of psychological distress in our sample of 2591 adults, the majority of whom were between the ages of 18-44 (77.7%). The K-10 showed good construct validity and reliability, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.84 and omega total of 0.88. EFA yielded a four-factor solution with likely measurement artifacts. CFA showed that the four-factor model from EFA displayed the best comparative fit indices, but was likely overfitted. The unidimensional model with correlated errors was deemed the best fitting model based on fit indices, prior theory, and previous studies.The K-10 displays adequate psychometric properties, good internal reliability, and good fit with a unidimensional-factor structure with correlated errors. Further work is required to determine appropriate cutoff values in different populations and clinical subgroups within South Africa to aid in determining the K-10's clinical utility.
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Co-Occurrence of Substance-Related and Other Mental Health Disorders Among Adolescent Cannabis Users
Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit substance in the United States and is increasingly being legalized throughout the United States. Many believe that cannabis is relatively harmless, and some believe that cannabis is not addictive. We wondered what the rates of cannabis abuse and dependence might be among adolescents referred for substance use evaluations and also about the incidence of co-occurring psychiatric illnesses and substance use disorders among those individuals.Herein, we analyze intake data from 483 adolescents referred for evaluation at an adolescent substance abuse clinic, with information gleaned from the adolescents and their parents or caregivers.Forty-seven percent of our sample met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition, Text Revision) criteria for cannabis dependence and another 32% for cannabis abuse. Among adolescents with cannabis use disorders, the co-occurrence of alcohol and opioid abuse or dependence was high. These individuals also suffered from significant psychiatric comorbidities otherwise.Our results show that cannabis use carries the risk of dependence and also carries with it significant risk of comorbidities, both with respect to other substance use disorders and other psychiatric illness. Given the growing body of research linking cannabis use with addiction and other psychiatric illness, public health efforts ought to center on the potential dangers of cannabis use.
Cannabis Dependence
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Abstract The purpose of this study was to develop and psychometrically test a new instrument for measuring self‐management of adults with type 2 diabetes. Data were collected from 634 diabetic adults recruited from three teaching hospitals in Taiwan. Construct validity was determined by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Tests of internal consistency and test–retest were used to assess the reliability of the diabetes self‐management instrument (DSMI). Initial results of CFA did not fully support the proposed five‐factor model. After the model was modified, the fit indices indicated that this model fits the data best. This model was further cross validated in a second sample. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the DSMI total scale was .94. The test–retest correlations for the DSMI total scale were acceptable ( r = .73, p < .01). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 31:370–380, 2008
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Cannabis Dependence
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To develop a scale to determine parents' attitudes and beliefs regarding fluoride varnish.
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CIDI
Cannabis Dependence
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To identify among Canadian adults who have ever been dependent upon cannabis, the prevalence of risk and protective factors associated with (1) cannabis remission, (2) the absence of psychiatric disorders or addictions in the past year (APD), and (3) positive mental health (PMH).Data from Statistics Canada's nationally representative 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health (n = 20, 777, of whom 336 have a history of cannabis dependence) was used. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses were conducted. The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WHO-CIDI) measures were used to determine lifetime cannabis dependence, past-year remission from cannabis depression, and the absence of psychiatric disorders in the past year (APD) (i.e., no suicidal ideation, depressive episodes, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorders, or any substance dependence). PMH is comprised of three factors: APD, happiness or life satisfaction and social and psychological well-being.Among those with a history of cannabis dependence, 72% were in remission from cannabis dependence. Although 53% were free of major psychiatric disorders and any substance dependence and 43% of respondents were in PMH, these percentages were dramatically lower than those without a history of cannabis dependence (92% and 74%, respectively). Positive outcomes were more common among women, older respondents, those with higher levels of social support, and those who had never had major depressive disorder or generalized anxiety disorder.Although many Canadians with a history of cannabis dependence achieve remission and a large minority are truly resilient and achieve PMH, many are failing to thrive. Targeted outreach is warranted for the most vulnerable individuals with a history of cannabis dependence (e.g., men, younger respondents, those with low social support and a history of mental illness).
Cannabis Dependence
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Introduction: Fatigue is one of the most common, severe, and annoying symptoms in cancer patients, which may be due to the disease process and related therapies, called cancer-related fatigue. The study of fatigue and its diagnosis in cancer patients is very important. For this purpose, a variety of tools have been developed one of the most credible which iscancer fatigue scale (CFS), which evaluates fatigue specifically in cancer patients.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to translate and psychometrics of CFS in Persian.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with two parts: translation and psychometrics. After obtaining permission from the tool designer, the CFS questionnaire was translated based on Wild and colleagues’ (2005) model. Subsequently, content and formal validity were evaluated qualitatively. To assess the construct validity and reliability, 290 cancer patients eligible for inclusion in the study were entered into the study and completed the questionnaire. The construct validity was verified by confirmatory factor analysis. The reliability of the tool by internal consistency determination method was studied by calculating the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and stability reliability by test-retest method after two weeks in 30 patients with cancer by calculating the intra-class correlation coefficient.
Results: After performing the translation process, the content and formal validity of the Persian version of the CFS questionnaire was approved. The model’s three factor pattern was fitted in a confirmatory factor analysis. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the physical, affective and cognitive subscales, and whole scale was calculated 0.87, 0.74, 0.75 and 0.82, respectively. The intra-class correlation coefficient between the two performances of test, for the physical, affective, cognitive subscales, and whole scale, was 0.960, 0.903, 0.945 and 0.843 respectively.
Conclusion: The Persian version of the CFS questionnaire has a good reliability and validity and can be used to measure fatigue in cancer patients in Iranian society.
Cancer-related fatigue
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