An evaluation of variables influencing implant fixation by direct bone apposition
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Abstract A systematic mechanical and histologic evaluation of design variables affecting bone apposition to various biocompatible materials was undertaken. The variables investigated included material elastic modulus, material surface texture, as well as material surface composition. The implant materials included polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), low‐temperature isotropic (LTI) pyrolytic carbon, commercially pure (C.P.) titanium, and aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ). Implant surface texture was varied by either polishing or grit‐blasting the various materials. Implant surface composition was varied by applying a coating of ultra‐low temperature isotropic (ULTI) pyrolytic carbon to the various implants. A total of 12 types of implants were evaluated in vivo by placement transcortically in the femora of adult mongrel dogs for a period of 32 weeks. Following sacrifice, mechanical push‐out testing was performed to determine interface shear strength and interface shear stiffness. The results obtained from mechanical testing indicate that for implants fixed by direct bone apposition, interface stiffness and interface shear strength are not significantly affected by either implant elastic modulus or implant surface composition. Varying surface texture, however, significantly affected the interface response to the implants. For each elastic modulus group the roughened surfaced implants exhibited greater strengths than the corresponding smooth surfaced implants. Undecalcified histologic evaluation of the implants demonstrated that the roughened implants exhibited direct bone apposition, whereas the smooth implants exhibited various degrees of fibrous tissue encasement. Thus, for implants utilizing direct bone apposition fixation, it appears that of the parameters investigated, implant surface texture is the most significant.Keywords:
Biomaterial
Biocompatibility
Succes of dental implants relies amongst other factors, on implant surface as it is known that it helps osseointegration. An important challenge in the field of implantology is development of implant coatings which mimic native bone and therefore increase bone in growth. Pubmed was searched in order to find out novelties regarding dental implant surfaces and success of osseointegration. Forty-nine articles were included which were published. Although various dental implant surface technologies are commercially available, new studies are needed as there are no sufficient data which surface treatment is the most suitable one.
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Describes a new hand-held instrument which quantifies the osseointegration of dental implants by exploiting nonlinearities in the dynamic response of the implant-bone system. The technique provides a basis for unambiguous identification of failed implants, and for longitudinal monitoring of implant stability.
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The aim of this work was to analyze and compare the effect of bone morphogenetic protein-7 on biological parameters related to implant osseointegration in an experimental animal model. Sixteen dental implants were placed in the tibias of four randomly selected minipigs for the following dental implant surface treatments: Group A: conventional treatment of the dental implant surface by SLA (n = 8) and Group B: treatment of the dental implant surface with carboxyethylphosphonic acid and bone morphogenetic protein-7 (n = 8). The animals were sacrificed one month after dental implants placement and a histomorphometric study was performed for the evaluation of bone-to-implant contact, corrected bone-to-implant contact, new bone formation, interthread bone density and peri-implant density using Student's t-test and the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. The histomorphometric parameters bone-to-implant contact and corrected bone-to-implant contact showed statistically significant differences between the study groups; 34.00% ± 9.92% and 50.02% ± 10.94%, respectively (p = 0.004) for SLA and 43.08% ± 10.76% and 63.30% ± 11.30%, respectively (p = 0.003) for BMP-7. The parameters new bone formation, interthread bone density and peri-implant density did not show statistically significant differences between the study groups (p = 0.951, p = 0.967 and p = 0.894, respectively). Dental implant surfaces treated with carboxyethylphosphonic acid and BMP-7 improve the biological response of dental implants to osseointegration.
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Bone metabolism is a key factor for successful osseointegration, and low vitamin D levels may negatively impact the process of osseointegration after implant placement. The study was aimed at evaluating the relation of vitamin D levels with dental implant osseointegration and subsequently the success or failure of the implant. The focused questions were-What is the effect of vitamin D levels on successful dental implant osseointegration and what is the effect of vitamin D supplementation on successful implant osseointegration? A search was conducted on PubMed and Google Scholar using the terms "vitamin D," "cholecalciferol," "1,25(OH) D," "dental implant," "osseointegration," and "bone implant contact" for a period of 10 years from 2011 to 2020. Clinical trials, cross-sectional studies, case series, and case reports were included. A total of ten studies were included after the screening process. Five of these studies evaluated the effect of vitamin D supplementation on osseointegration, whereas five only evaluated the effect of vitamin D deficiency on dental implant osseointegration. Only five of these studies reported dental implant failure varying from 7% to 13% in vitamin D deficient/insufficient groups. Positive relationship exists between serum vitamin D levels and dental implant osseointegration; however, few studies failed to report any relation. More prospective clinical research studies as well as randomized controlled trials are needed to show a significant correlation between decreased serum levels of vitamin D and increased risk of dental implant failure in perspective of vitamin D supplementation which can promote the osseointegration of dental implants.
Bone remodeling
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How to promote and accelerate the formation of osseointegration and to ensure the stable and enduring function of dental implant has been the research goal of scholars in recent years.In order to obtain more superior performance of dental implant,the scholars found some trace elements play an important role in osseointegration on the basis of surface modification of dental implant.This paper reviewed the action mechanism,application,and research status of trace elements in osseotegration in dental implant.
TRACE (psycholinguistics)
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We are proposing two modified assays for biocompatibility testing which analyze the effects of cytotoxic substances leached from a biomaterial in cell culture. The biocompatibility of two vascular prostheses made of polytetrafluoroethylene was analyzed using the modified assays. One test, the "fluid medium assay" was modified by using small pieces of graft glued to a screening lid, thereby reducing the possibility of mechanical injury to cultured cells by free fragments of the tested biomaterial. Another test, the "cell inhibition assay" was modified in that the biomaterial to be tested was ground into small pieces while at very low temperature. The measure of cell toxicity used was the effect on DNA replication. Our results suggest that these modified assay methods can be used to evaluate the biocompatibility of biomaterials.
Biocompatibility
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Biocompatibility
Biomaterial
Protein Adsorption
Inert
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The evaluation of biomaterial biocompatibility is a key step before the clinical application.With the rapid development of molecular biology,scientists have begun to evaluate biomaterial biocompatibility at molecular level and proposed the concept of molecular biocompatibility.Researchers'main tasks at present are to identify more molecular markers using molecular biology technology and to establish standards for evaluating molecular biocompatibility of biomaterial,which will provide the guidance for the design of better biomaterials.
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Biomaterial; Molecular biocompatibility; Evaluation; Molecular marker
Biocompatibility
Biomaterial
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Titanium, as an implant material, is regarded to be durable and biocompatible, which allows functional replacement of missing teeth. Successful dental implantation depends on an osseointegration phenomenon, a direct structural and functional binding reaction between bone and implant. It is well known that physicochemical characteristics of the dental implant surface, such as roughness, topography, chemistry, and electrical charge affect the biological reactions occurring at the interface of tissue and implant. Therefore, considerable efforts have been made to modify the surface of titanium implants which are based on mechanical, physical and chemical treatments. Recently, biological molecules were introduced onto the surface of implants to stimulate osteogenic cells in the early stage of implantation and consequently accelerate bone formation around implant and subsequent rapid implant stabilization. A range of extracellular matrix components, designed peptides, and growth factors have been proposed as the biological moiety. In this review, we address several issues related to the biology of dental implants and discuss biomimetic modification of the implant surface as a novel approach to obtain successful osseointegration. Keywords: Biomimetic, dental implant, extracellular matrix, osseointegration, titanium
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Objective:To evaluate the Biocompatibility of gelatin-Bletilla hyacinthine gum(BHG) carrying Sanguis Draconis.Methods:The Sanguis Draconis impalpable powder was compounded with scaffolds(gelatin and BHG).Then it was frozen and dried to form spongy and porous material.The acute systemic toxicity,sensitization,skin irritation,pyrogen and cytotoxicity test were conducted to evaluate the biocompatibility of the spongy and porous biomaterial.Results:All the contents of Biocompatibility evaluation test consisting of acute systemic toxicity,sensitization,skin irritation,pyrogen and cytotoxicity met the requirement of standards.Conclusion:The biomaterial carrying Sanguis Draconis prepared in this study has good cytocompatibility,and it is a safe biomaterial for wound healing and tissue engineering.
Biocompatibility
Biomaterial
Gelatin
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