Studies on Physico-Chemical Properties and Bioactive Compounds of Six Pomegranate Cultivars Grown in Iran
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This study was conducted at the Experimental Field of the Bahri Dagdas International Agricultural Research Institute, in Center of Konya, Turkey, between the years 2003-2004 in order to determine the effects of various nitrogen doses on yield and chemical composition of soybean cultivars. Athow and Defiancy cultivars of soybean were used in this study. 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 kg/da nitrogen doses were applied while sowing. The results from both years were evaluated together. According to the results of the research; application of various nitrogen doses on two soybean cultivars resulted in significant differences in seed yield and chemical composition. Oil content decreased with added nitrogen fertilizer. The greatest values of seed yield and chemical composition were generally obtained at a dose of 7.5 kg/da nitrogen. Higher nitrogen doses led to lower values of seed yield and chemical composition. Defiancy cultivar had generally higher seed yield values in all traits and lower starch contents than Athow.
Nitrogen fertilizer
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Abstract In West-Sumatra, rice farming commonly uses five significant cultivars, namely Simauang; Randa Pulau; Bakwan; Junjuangan; and Mundam. They are superior in yields and adaptable to the local climate. In this study, the chemical properties of five cultivars were investigated to identify the composition of protein, carbohydrate, ash, and moisture content. Furthermore, the effects of heat exposure to rices were observed as well, where products typically untreated when being stored. The research investigated how heat exposure may influence shelf life and rice quality. Results show that there are significant differences in chemical contents that occur due to differences in cultivars, storage treatment, and mechanical damage. The most chemical composition that changed when given treatment was Mundam and Simaung cultivars. The chemical composition that changed in Mundam cultivar is MC, Fat, and, Carbohydrate while in Simaung Fat, Ash, and Carbohydrate. Before giving heat treatment, Mundam rice contained the highest and lowest protein 9,617% and 79.37%. Simauang rice has low protein with a high carbohydrate of 6,343% and 81,472%. After giving heat treatment, the protein and carbohydrate of the Mundam changed to 10.207% and 78.666%. Simaung's protein did not change but protein, 6.284%, and 81.541% for carbohydrates. Carbohydrate has changed due to size and type of cultivar. The protein has changed due to cultivar influence, treatment, and size.
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Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a major feed in the Maritime region of Canada, but information on the chemical composition of barley cultivars grown in the Maritimes is lacking. Therefore, a study was undertaken to determine if starch, protein, neutral-detergent fibre (NDF), and acid-detergent fibre (ADF) of barley vary from region to region in Canada and to determine if barley cultivars that originated from Eastern Canada exhibit different chemical composition than those that originated from Western Canada. The chemical composition of two-row and six-row, covered and hulless, and feed and malting cultivars were also compared. Seventy-five cultivars were tested in eight environments (i.e. Charlottetown, Ottawa, Brandon, and Bentley in 1991 and 1992). These cultivars were classified into eight classes in four comparisons: eastern vs. western, two-row vs. six-row, hulless vs. covered, and feed vs. malting. Charlottetown grains were relatively low in protein, high in starch, and intermediate in NDF and ADF in comparison with grains produced at the other three locations. This suggests that more research in cultivar development and crop management is needed to increase the protein concentration of barley in the Maritimes. On average, two-row cultivars contained more starch and less fibre than six-row cultivars. Eastern two-row cultivars contained more protein than western two-row cultivars. As expected, hulless barleys contained more starch and protein, but less fibre than covered barleys. Canadian barley cultivars exhibited considerable variation in chemical composition. The cultivar x environment interaction was much smaller than the cultivar effect. Therefore, it is important to identify barley cultivars with high nutritional quality for use in commercial production. Key words: Barley, Hordeum vulgare L., cultivars, starch, protein, fibre
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The seed chemical composition and mineral element concentration were investigated in three improved (Jubeiha-1, Jubeiha-2, Jubeiha-3) and a local Jordanian chickpea cultivars. Seed protein, fat, glucose, sucrose, starch, P, Mg, Na, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn concentrations varied significantly among cultivars. Higher concentrations of fiber, starch, P, Na, Fe, Cu, and Zn in Jubeiha-1 seeds; while higher concentrations of protein, fat, fructose, K, Mg, and Mn, in Jubeiha-3 seeds in comparison with other cultivars were noted. The concentrations of seed protein, fat, fiber, ash, glucose, fructose, P, Ca, Mg, Na, and Cu were significantly affected by growing season. The cultivar x growing season interaction found to influence significantly all measured traits except seed starch and Na concentrations in the investigated chickpea cultivars. The investigated chickpea cultivars have different genetic backgrounds for almost all the chemical traits tested.
Growing season
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The physical properties, chemical composition, mineral constituents and amino acid profile of five Sudanese date fruit cultivars; Gondaila, Pittamuda, Barakawi, Wadlegai and Wadkhateib were studied. The main physical testing approaches revealed that Gondaila, Pittamuda and Barakawi possessed larger fruit volume, surface area and weight than Wadlegai and Wadkhateib cultivars. Further, the degree of fruits sphericity obtained showed that Wadlegai and Wadkhateib were more round in shape than the other three cultivars. The chemical analysis results revealed that the moisture content Gondaila, Pittamuda and Barakawi was lower than in the two Mishrigi cultivars; Wadlegai and Wadkhateib. The fruits contained high levels of total sugars; they also contained considerable amounts of fiber and tannins. However, they possessed low amounts of proteins and fats. The studied date cultivars also possessed a number of essential amino acids and minerals.
Sphericity
Essential amino acid
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This study determined the chemical composition of new Canada Prairie Spring (CPS, n = 5) and durum (n = 5) wheat cultivars, relative to a common Canada Western Red Spring (Katepwa) and durum (Kyle) wheat, which were used to predict the total digestible nutrient of these cultivars in cattle. The results showed that test weight differed among the spring wheat cultivars (74.9 to 79.9 kg hlitre−1) and was similar among the durum cultivars (average 79.7 kg hlitre−1). Relative to Katepwa, Genesis had higher (P < 0.05) neutral detergent fibre and starch and lower (P < 0.05) crude protein levels. Differences among the other CPS cultivars were small. Chemical composition was uniform among the durum cultivars except for neutral detergent fibre which was higher (P < 0.05) in Sceptre and AC Morse than Kyle. Carbohydrate fractionation showed that intermediately degradable carbohydrate is the main component of dry matter in CPS (664.7 g kg−1) and durum (656.0 g kg−1) wheat. In both types of wheat, true protein was the main protein fraction followed by non-protein nitrogen and unavailable protein, respectively. Total digestible nutrient was similar among the CPS and the durum cultivars. It was concluded that while some differences in chemical composition were observed between CPS cultivars, there was little or no variation among durum cultivars. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of modern and traditional decortication methods on the chemical composition, antinutrients, Ca, P and Fe contents during storage of two pearl millet cultivars (white and green) grown in Sudan. Design/methodology/approach The grains of each cultivar were either decorticated traditionally using traditional stone dehuller or by using modern dehuller. The chemical composition, antinutrients and Ca, P and Fe contents of the cultivars were evaluated during storage for six months. Findings The results showed that both methods of decortication (modern and traditional) employed significantly decreased ash, protein, oil and crude fiber contents but increased moisture and nitrogen free extract contents of the grains for both cultivars. Storage resulted in a slight and gradual decrease in the chemical composition of the treated and untreated grains of the cultivars. Modern decortication of the grains significantly ( P =0.05) reduced tannin content in both cultivars compared to untreated and traditionally decorticated grains. Phytic acid content of the white cultivar was not affected by the method of decortication used but modern decortication reduced that of green cultivar. Decrease in tannin and phytic acid was observed as the storage continued in both treated and untreated cultivars. Decortication significantly ( P =0.05) reduced the Ca, P and Fe contents in both cultivars grains. Lower P and Fe contents were found in modern decorticated grains compared to traditional decorticated ones. Storage of the cultivars resulted in gradual decrease in Ca, P and Fe contents. Research limitations/implications Processing methods such as decortication affect the quality attributes of pearl millet cultivars. The application of modern decortication method on pearl millet cultivars has better quality attributes than those treated with traditional decortication. Originality/value The study uses decortication methods (traditional and modern) to improve the quality attributes of pearl millet cultivars. Antinutrients such as tannin and phytic acid were observed to reduce the bioavailability of minerals like Fe. Decortication of the grains significantly reduced the level of such antinutrients and improved bioavailability of minerals.
Decortication
Tannin
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Twenty pigeon pea (red gram) cultivars belonging to early, medium and late maturity groups grown during two seasons
were studied for the cooking quality and chemical composition. Although no clear cut differences in cooking time, water absorption, solids dispersion, texture (extrusion force) and chemical constituents of cultivars of different maturity groups were observed, the cooking quality of early cultivars appeared to be better than those of the medium and late ones. Of the various physicochemical characteristics, water absorption, solids dispersion and texture were highly and significantly correlated with the cooking time. This shows that these characteristics can be conveniently used as objective tests to study the cooking quality o f pigeon pea cultivars
Cajanus
Texture (cosmology)
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