Comparison of a New Multifilament Stainless Steel Suture with Frequently Used Sutures for Flexor Tendon Repair
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The stress recovery of the crimped yarn after the constant elongation for hours was investigated.Parameters taken into consideration are t1 (time required to arrive at constant elongation), ts (during which time elongation is kept at initial length), and tt (during which time elongation is kept at constant elongation).The resluts are as follows.It is apparent that recovery coefficient is lowered with increase of rate of elongation. The rate of elongation in this experiment is lower as compared with that of the ordinary. But recovery coefficient is also lowered with high increase in the rate of elongation in the case of felse-twist method yarn. Then it may be deduced that the recovery coefficient decreases with the rate of elongation.As a quantity of constant elongation is increased. ts the time required to recover initial state is increased. But in conventional-twist method yarn, recovery coefficient is small at lower elongation, because force of crimp friction is larger at lower elongaton in the yarn.Conventional-twist method yarn has a special property in water, because of due to the characteristic condition of heat treatment and shape of crimps.
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The in vivo response of foetal flexor digitorum profundus tendons to tendon sutures was studied macroscopically and microscopically in foetal lambs. No tendon adhesions were noted at any of the examination intervals. 4 days after injury, a mild inflammatory reaction was noted around the suture. The tendon examined at the 4-week interval showed evidence of migration of epitenon cells from the outer surface of the tendon into the suture track. The tendon examined at the 6-week interval showed normal tendon fibres surrounding the suture site. Differences between foetal skin and foetal tendon healing are discussed along with the possible role of amniotic fluid in modulating the healing process in the foetus.
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The detectability of stored growth at various elongation rates (IAA- and acid- induced) was investigated in 5-mm wheat coleoptile segments. After 20 min turgor reduction by 0.15 M or 0.20 M mannitol, the detectability of stored growth depended on the elongation rate before turgor reduction. A hypothesis was proposed that the amount of stored growth is limited. Depending on the elongation rate, this then appears as complete or partial compensation of the growth lost during turgor reduction. The limit for full compensation was about 300 μm/hr·segment. At elongation rates of > 600 μm/hr·segment, no stored growth could be detected. The elongation of the wheat coleoptile sections at low and high elongation rates is assumed to be limited by different rate-determining steps.
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1. The period of time roots were exposed to low temperatures influenced their elongation rate when returned to 20⚬ C. After two or three 24 hour periods the elongation rate tended to return to the elongation rate of the controls. 2. The hour of the day at which root tips were exposed to low temperatures determined the elongation rate of the roots when transferred to 25⚬C. The roots chilled when more cells were in prophase were retarded in elongation rate. Cells formed by mitotic activity of the embryonic cells started to elongate within the first 24 hours after their formation. Other factors may influence the results obtained. 3. Exposing roots grown at 15⚬ C. to high temperatures produced results similar to those produced in roots exposed to low temperatures. 4. The age of roots and their initial length did not affect the elongation rate of the roots which had been exposed to low temperatures.
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Spatial and temporal analyses of elongation and cell length of monocotyledon leaves have most often been performed during the period when leaves are visible and elongate at a constant rate (steady-state). In the present study, the focus was on the earlier stages, during the establishment of the elongation zone. Regardless of leaf development stage, the segment located between 0 and 35 mm from the leaf insertion point had a relative elongation rate that increased with distance from insertion point ('accelerating zone') while the segment located further than 35 mm had a relative elongation rate that decreased ('decelerating zone'). This stable pattern held for both young, non-emerged leaves, where it was restricted to the portion corresponding to the length of the blade, and for leaves during steady-state elongation. In the same way, the profile of cell length was essentially the same during early development and during steady-state elongation. The results of a temporal analysis of whole-leaf elongation rate, carried out in the field and in the greenhouse at different light intensities were consistent with a time-invariant pattern of elongation. Whole-leaf relative elongation rate increased with time until the leaf reached 30-40 mm length (although at different leaf ages depending on conditions), and declined afterwards. These results suggest that the patterns governing the elongation rate of a sector of a maize leaf are independent of the leaf developmental stage but depend on sector position only.
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It is easy for Coiled Tubing(CT) to deform a plastic elongation because of many factors,such as the residual stress etc,in the process of coiled tubing service.The paper analyses the cause of coiled tubing plastic elongation and explains the principle of the same elongation.Coiled tubing plastic elongation has four mainly reasons: axial load causes plastic elongation,thermal causes plastic elongation,pressure difference causes plastic elongation,helical buckling causes elongation.The theoretical calculation formula and calculation method for CT plastic elongation are summarized.Calculation examples about CT plastic elongation give some basic CT plastic elongation conclusions by comparative analysis of relation curve on calculated value.The CT plastic elongation is more complicated and more obvious than conventional tube.The elongation caused by axial load and the shortening caused by helical buckling are larger than others and should be focused on the need to consider in the progress of coiled tubing service.The thermal expansion and the elongation caused by pressure difference are smaller than above all and should be given due consideration in the progress of coiled tubing service.Total elongation deformation is made up of four parts: the plastic elongation caused by axial load,thermal expansion,plastic elongation caused by pressure difference and the shortening caused by helical buckling.The four elongations may cancel partially each other,so the total elongation deformation generally is smaller than every single elongation.
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Background: Two main factors determine the strength of tendon repair; the tensile strength of material and the gripping capacity of a suture configuration. Different repair techniques and suture materials were developed to increase the strength of repairs but none of techniques and suture materials seem to provide enough tensile strength with safety margins for early active mobilization. In order to overcome this problem tendon suturing implants are being developed. We designed two different suturing implants. The aim of this study was to measure tendon-holding capacities of these implants biomechanically and to compare them with frequently used suture techniques Materials and Methods: In this study we used 64 sheep flexor digitorum profundus tendons. Four study groups were formed and each group had 16 tendons. We applied model 1 and model 2 implant to the first 2 groups and Bunnell and locking-loop techniques to the 3rd and 4th groups respectively by using 5 Ticron sutures. Results: In 13 tendons in group 1 and 15 tendons in group 2 and in all tendons in group 3 and 4, implants and sutures pulled out of the tendon in longitudinal axis at the point of maximum load. The mean tensile strengths were the largest in group 1 and smallest in group 3. Conclusion: In conclusion, the new stainless steel tendon suturing implants applied from outside the tendons using steel wires enable a biomechanically stronger repair with less tendon trauma when compared to previously developed tendon repair implants and the traditional suturing techniques.
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The difference between the percentage elongation after the break of aluminum plate and the total percentage elongation at the break of that is demonstrated from theoretical basis and test basis respectively,it is the assistant for better understanding of the percentage elongation after break and the total percentage elongation at break.
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