Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy during transient global amnesia
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Keywords:
Transient global amnesia
Cortical Spreading Depression
Proton magnetic resonance
Creatine
Depression
Transient global amnesia has been explained by epileptic mechanisms or transient ischemic attacks affecting the hippocampus. None of these two mechanisms appear likely. The animal experimental phenomenon entitled spreading depression of cortical electrical activity (SD) or spreading depression of Leao has been implicated in migraine pathogenesis and may be relevant to transient global amnesia. In experimental animals, SD in the hippocampus causes a temporary functional ablation lasting minutes to hours with full functional recovery. Glutamate, which is present in large amounts in the hippocampus, may experimentally elicit spreading depression, and strong emotional events may possibly liberate glutamate and bring about this reaction in human patients.
Cortical Spreading Depression
Transient global amnesia
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A case of transient global amnesia occurring after sexual intercourse is presented with a somewhat unusual symptomatology. Instead of an all-encompassing amnesia, as has usually been reported in the literature, the patient’s amnesia was evident in spots. Therefore, transient global amnesia after sexual relations may go unnoticed in patients if the amnesia is temporary, as is usually the case, and is restricted to a few memories.
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Transient global amnesia
Cortical Spreading Depression
Pathophysiology
Transient (computer programming)
Depression
Association (psychology)
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Acute-onset amnesia is a dramatic neurological presentation that can cause considerable concern to both patient and clinician. The patient typically presents with an inability not only to retain new memories but also to access previously acquired memories, suggesting disturbance of hippocampal function. Transient global amnesia (TGA) is the most common cause of acute-onset amnesia, and is characterised by a profound anterograde and retrograde amnesia that typically lasts for up to 24 hours. Although TGA has a strikingly stereotypical presentation, it can be challenging to distinguish from other causes of acute-onset amnesia, including posterior circulation strokes, transient epileptic amnesia, psychogenic amnesia, post-traumatic amnesia, and toxic/drug-related amnesia. Here, we describe the general approach to the patient with acute amnesia; summarise the clinical and neuropsychological differences between the potential causes; and, provide practical recommendations to aid diagnosis and management of acute amnesia. Regardless of cause and the dramatic presentation, non-ischaemic acute-onset amnesia generally has a favourable prognosis.
Transient global amnesia
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Retrograde amnesia
Memory disorder
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Transient global amnesia is a clinically well defined syndrome, characterized by transient isolated epizodes of confusion with inability to acquire new data, repetitive quieries, retrograde amnesia and absence of other neurologic symptoms or signs. Eighteen patients who presented at admission the clinical picture of transient global amnesia were, after the examination, classified in three groups: patients with symptoms or signs of transitory focal ischemia, migraine group, and miscellaneous group. The transitory global amnesia in patients suffering from atherosclerotic changes of the vascular system is usually the first manifestation of transitory ischaemic attack pointing to the vascular insufficiency of the posterior cerebral regions as the cause of attack. The typical transient global amnesia is not a rare phenomenon, but it supposes the existence of the precipitating factors. Although its "pure" form is usually benign, the appearance of other factors such as cerebral neoplasms, involved in the aetiology of transient global amnesia, requires the complete clinical examination of each individual with these symptoms.
Transient global amnesia
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Retrograde amnesia
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Anterograde amnesia
Memory disorder
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PreviewTransient global amnesia is a brief, temporary neurologic condition in which memory impairment is the prominent deficit. It has a benign course and usually requires no treatment. Recognition of its unique characteristics is the key to proper diagnosis and is important so the patient is spared unnecessary evaluation. Dr Kritchevsky provides a clear clinical picture of the patient with this condition and also discusses other causes of temporary memory dysfunction.
Transient global amnesia
Retrograde amnesia
Transient (computer programming)
Anterograde amnesia
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Transient global amnesia
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Transient global amnesia
Confusion
Transient (computer programming)
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Abstract: In most reports, Transient Global Amnesia (TGA) consisted of a single episode of total amnesia. The detailed investigation on the process of recovery from amnesia in the present two cases of TGA indicated the existence of a complex episode of TGA which consisted of a sequence of episodes of total amnesia.
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In the course of transient global amnesia, two patients showed symptoms of transient partial amnesia. Close observation showed that at some time during the episode the patients had some degree of nonverbal memory, which recovered earlier than verbal memory. Careful observation of the progression of symptoms during an episode of transient global amnesia may often reveal symptoms of transient partial amnesia.
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