Managing the development of sustainable shrimp farming in Australia: the role of sedimentation ponds in treatment of farm discharge water
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The shrimp-farming area and shrimp yield are continuously changing in the southwestern coastal districts of Bangladesh. The three southwestern coastal districts, Bagerhat, Satkhira, and Khulna, along with Rampal, a subdistrict of Bagerhat, contribute 75% of the total shrimp yield of Bangladesh. However, the shrimp yield and farming area have declined in Bagerhat district, and the cause of this decline is uncertain. In this research, the differences in the shrimp yield were quantified using a shrimp yield dataset (SYD) and k-means classification. A supervised image classification approach was applied to quantify the spatiotemporal changes and identify the influencing factors behind the declining shrimp-farming area and yield in Rampal, Bagerhat district, using Landsat satellite archives. K-means classification reveals that, between 2015 and 2017, the shrimp yield in Bagerhat district declined significantly compared to Satkhira and Khulna. The satellite-based monitoring results affirm that the shrimp-farming area of Rampal also decreased rapidly, from 21.82% in 2013 to 6.52% in 2018. This research estimates that approximately 70% of the shrimp-farming area was lost in Rampal since December 2013. Hence, the findings of this research might motivate the responsible bodies to declare the shrimp-farming coastal area as a “shrimp zone” and implement an active policy to protect the vulnerable shrimp-farming industry and shrimp farmers, considering it is the second-largest export earning source in Bangladesh after ready-made garments.
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The Sefid-roud river is located in the Guilan province in the northern part of Iran and in the vicinity of the southern coastal region of the Caspian Sea.In recent years, due to a lack of watershed process and some geological reasons, a large amount of sediments have arrived in the Sefid-roud reservoir.Moreover, the measured bed and suspended loads are much greater than the estimated figures.These are the major reasons for the declining the life of the Sefid-roud dam due to high rate of sediment deposition.Nowadays, de-siltation of dam reservoirs by regressive erosion is a new method that works efficiently by water hydrodynamic power against sediments in dam reservoirs.In this method, following the construction of an erosional channel in the sediment deposit area ending by a drop to create the high shear stress super critical flow, the mechanism of regressive erosion causes the huge amount of sediments to be moved downward.This paper contains a review of the mechanisms of sedimentation in storage reservoirs; the result of theoretical and experimental investigations in the Sefid-roud dam using a mathematical model estimates the amount of sediments and the effect of different parameters in the mentioned method.Some complementary measures have been introduced to increase the de-siltation efficiency of flushing operations based of field observation and experiments made during the de-sedimentation operation of the Sefid-roud reservoir.The rate of sediment to discharge for different years is evaluated and plotted to indicate the behavior of the Sefid-roud river during recent years.
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Water discharge
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White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) has become epidemic in Indonesia and affecting shrimp production lost in shrimp farm. Virus has transmitted from one to other ponds, mostly by crustacean, but more often transmit through water from affected pond. A cluster model, consist of two and three ponds surrounded by non-shrimp growing pond as biosecurity has developed. The model aim to prevent white spot virus transmission in giant shrimp extensive pond. The study was conducted in two sites at Demak district, Central Java province. Cluster consist of three shrimp ponds in site I, and cluster consist of two shrimp ponds, each surrounded by non-shrimp growing ponds. As control we also compare to 5 extensive shrimp ponds in site I and other three shrimp grow out ponds in site II, with neither no cluster system nor surrounded by non-shrimp pond as biosecurity. Result of the study shown that cluster of shrimp ponds surrounded by non-shrimp pond harvested at DOC 105,6±4,5 days significantly longer than that of control that harvested at 60,9±16,0 days because of outbreak, survival rate at 77,6±3,6 %, significantly higher than that of control at 22,6±15,8 % and shrimp production of 425,1±146,6 kg.ha -1 significantly higher than that of control at 54,5±47,6 kg.ha -1 . These results suggest that implementation of Better Management Practices (BMP) by arranging shrimp ponds in cluster and surrounding by non-shrimp ponds proven effectively prevent WSSV transmission from traditional shrimp ponds in surrounding area.
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White spot syndrome
Biosecurity
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With regard to the sedimentation of branch rivers that is affected by the sedimentation of Xiaolangdi Reservoir after water storage,this paper introduces the arrangement of sediment observation sections in the main stream and branch rivers and test method by taking the Dongyang river and Xiyang river for an example,which are branches within the Xiaolangdi reservoir region.And then the observation results of sediment siltation are analyzed.The results show that the siltation at the delta of main stream has formed river mouth weirs,which results in diminution of longitudinal grade of branch river bottom and even adverse slope appeared.The aforementioned phenomenon would bring forth adverse effects to the operation of Xiaolangdi reservoir and to sediment discharge of Yellow River main stream and its branches.Therefore,it is necessity to deeper research for seeking prevention measures.
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Sedimentation
River mouth
River delta
Sedimentary budget
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The principal phases of the problem of reservoir sedimentation are reviewed in this paper, including (a) the origin and nature of sediment, (b) its transportation to and through, or deposition in, the reservoir, and (c) remedies for reservoir silting. Quantitative study of sedimentation rates may be made from several approaches, none of which are sufficiently developed to permit more than approximate estimates of probable sedimentation rates. Such estimates may be of use to design engineers, who must allow for inevitable depletion of storage, but the real solution to the problem, both from the technical and social viewpoints, seems to lie in the prevention of sedimentation, and conservation of the available storage to the greatest extent possible.
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This paper reviews the interactions between shrimp culture and the natural environment. It considers and gives details of the effects of shrimp culture on the environment and the effects of environmental change on shrimp culture. Examples are given where the environmental impacts on and of shrimp culture have caused serious economic losses to shrimp farmers. The paper concludes that economic sustainability is and will continue to be closely related to how the shrimp farming industry deals with environmental problems. Strategies are considered for improved environmental management of shrimp aquaculture, and priorities are highlighted for future research on the relations between shrimp culture and the environment.
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Abstract The application of biotechnology in marine shrimp especially in penaeid shrimps aquaculture is increasing in demand. Researcher and scientist consents that application of biotechnology helps improve the shrimp quality and consequently increase the aquaculture shrimp productions. The monosex culture becomes one of the focuses nowadays as the techniques can help increasing the aquaculture yield and obviously increases the aquaculture production. The application of triploidy in penaeid shrimp helps to increase the shrimp size, faster the shrimp growth and also recognized as one of the successful techniques for monosex culture as well as induction of polyploidy, gynogenesis and hormones induces. Triploidy technique is also beneficial to be applied in the shrimp aquaculture for the production purposes. This review paper focuses on the triploid induction in penaeid shrimps, the suitable method to be applied, and also the overview of the triploidy induction from others previous study. Hopefully, this review paper can be the benchmark for the application of triploidy technique in shrimp aquaculture industry and help promoting the shrimp aquaculture shrimp productions in the future.
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