Cross-Layer-based Local Repair for Maximizing Goodput and Minimizing Control Messages in Multicasting MANET
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Current reliable multicast protocols do not have scalable congestion control mechanisms and this deficiency leads to concerns that multicast deployment may endanger stability of the network. We present a sender-based approach for multicast congestion control targeted towards reliable bulk data transfer. We assume that there are a few bottleneck links in a large scale multicast group at any time period and these bottlenecks persist long enough to be identified and adapted to. Our work focuses on dynamically identifying the worst congested path in the multicast tree and obtaining TCP-friendly throughput on this selected path. We use the network simulator (NS2) to validate and evaluate our congestion control algorithm with both drop-tail and RED gateways.
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The studies for the traditional multicast protocols in the NEMO (Network Mobility) network architecture have shown that traditional multicast protocols always have a considerable cost in reconstructing the multicast tree. However, the mobility of multicast sources is rarely discussed. We present an enhanced multicast protocol, which extends from the Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) protocol, named Light Load Multicast (LLM), in the NEMO environment. The LLM is considered the alternative MLD to maintain the multicast tree in the NEMO. The LLM has two benefits. The reconstruction mechanism handles the mobility of the multicast source by reconstructing the multicast tree. The multigroup suppression mechanism curbs the multicast tree maintenance cost for the mobility of the multicast members. The study result shows the scheme implementation and inspects the performance with traditional multicast protocols.
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Multicast provides effective information transfer between a set of group members. Reliability is an important issue in multicast, it's different from that of the point-to-point communication. This paper analyses the problems in reliable multicast and the solutions. It introduces a reliable multicast protocol that has been used in current networks.
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Energy is one of the most important resources in battery-powered wireless sensor networks. Unfortunately, it is ignored in prior multicast works which aim to achieve real-time data dissemination. In this paper, a novel energy-efficient multicast protocol is proposed for real-time wireless sensor networks. We introduce virtual multicast sector to adaptively divide the region according to the distribution of multicast destinations. Furthermore, an efficient scheme of constructing multicast tree is presented, which can reduce the number of hops in multicast tree. Simulation results show that the proposed multicast protocol outperforms significantly prior work on energy-efficiency for real-time wireless sensor networks.
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This paper presents a protocol and design for concurrent and reliable group multicast (many-to-many) from bursty data sources in general networks. In a group multicast, any node can be a multicast source and multiple nodes may start to multicast simultaneously, i.e., an asynchronous access to the network. The reliable multicast protocol presented is window based with a combined sender and receiver initiation of the recovery protocol. In reliable multicasting the necessary requirement is to ensure that data is received correctly by all the active members of the multicast group. The approach taken is to combine the multicast operation with the internal flow control. As a result, it is possible to provide: (1) congestion-free multicast routing with a single and immediate acknowledgment message to the sender. Furthermore, in every multicast, (2) a node can access all the capacity allocated to its group with no delay, however, if several nodes are active in the same group, then the capacity will be shared fairly. In addition, (3) each sender in the multicast group uses a single timer, and (4) a node can become active or inactive in a transparent fashion, i.e., there is no need to explicitly notify the members of the group. A multiple criteria optimization study of the bandwidth allocation to each multicast group is presented. The optimization problem has two min-max objective functions: (1) for delay, which is caused by the number of links needed to connect the group, and (2) for congestion, which is caused by sharing a link among multiple multicast groups. The bandwidth allocation among multicast groups sharing the same link are further optimized using the max-min fairness criterion.
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This paper presents a protocol and design for concurrent and reliable group multicast (many-to-many) from bursty data sources in general networks. In a group multicast, any node can be a multicast source and multiple nodes may start to multicast simultaneously, i.e., an asynchronous access to the network. The reliable multicast protocol presented in this work is window based with a combined sender and receiver initiation of the recovery protocol. In reliable multicasting the necessary requirement is to ensure that data is received correctly by all the active members of the multicast group. The approach taken in this work is to combine the multicast operation with the internal flow control, as a result, it is possible to provide: (1) loss-free multicast routing with a single and immediate acknowledgement message to the sender. Furthermore, in every multicast, (2) a node can access all the capacity allocated to its group with no delay, however, if several nodes are active in the same group then the capacity will be shared fairly. In addition, (3) each sender in the multicast group uses a single timer, and (4) a node can join and leave a multicast group in a transparent fashion, i.e., there is no need to explicitly notify the members of the group. A multiple criteria optimization study of the bandwidth allocation to each multicast group is presented. The optimization problem has two min-max objective functions: (1) for delay, which caused by the number of links needed to connect the group, and (2) for congestion, which is caused by sharing a link among multiple multicast groups. The bandwidth allocation among multicast group sharing the same link are further optimized using the max-min fairness criterion.
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IP multicast
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According to the principle of mobile multicast algorithm for dynamic multicast Agent,this paper proposes a mobile multicast protocol.It adopts a novel fast multicast swithc mechanism and selects the multicast Agent dynamicly according to the time measurement and distance measurement.Simulation results show that this protocol avoids the frequent reconstruction of multicast delivery tree,decreases the multicast switch delay.It has the near-optimal multicast transfers path and capability of integration with the existing network protocols.
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IP Multicast that provides best-efforts service does not guarantee reliable delivery of multicast packets. In recent years, there are many approaches to support reliable multicast, but those are insufficient for implementing scalable and reliable multicast over Internet. We propose a Reliable Multicast Architecture(RMA) for scalable and reliable multicast. The RMA model guarantees reliability using a receiver initiated retransmission mechanism, and scalability using a feedback suppression mechanism by Multicast Router(MR). Furthermore, it utilizes underlying multicast routing information to minimize the cost of protocol modification and overheads. Our performance analyses show that RMA is much superior to previous works in the point of scalability and compatibility.
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With the expanding of the scope of the multicast application,people have a higher demand in the reliability of multicast applications,especially in the unstable wireless network,and a reliable multicast transport protocol based on the negative acknowledgement(NAK) has been put forth.The paper improves the NAK-based reliable multicast transport protocol based on the analysis of the typical multicast network model.The improved protocol compresses the NAK effectively,reduces the required bandwidth,enhances the real-time property and scalability of the systems,and improves the reliability of the multicast,which can be proved by the results of the NS simulation.
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