Preparative isolation of sargachromanol E from Sargassum siliquastrum by centrifugal partition chromatography and its anti-inflammatory activity
Ji‐Hyeok LeeJu-Young KoKalpa W. SamarakoonJae-Young OhSoo‐Jin HeoChul Young KimJae‐Woon NahMi-Kyeong JangJung-Suck LeeYou‐Jin Jeon
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This study is to explore the effects of extracts of Cheezheng pain relieving plaster (ECPRP) on nitric oxide (NO) production and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in macrophages induced by LPS and the mechanism involved. Nitric oxide level was measured with Griess reagent assay. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein and NF-kappaBp65 fragment were detected with Western blotting. ECPRP (62.5 and 125 mgL(-1)) significantly inhibited the increase of nitric oxide level. Furthermore, ECPRP (62.5 and 125 mg x L(-1)) notably reduced the expression of iNOS mRNA and protein. ECPRP (62.5 and 125 mg x L(-1)) elevated the content of I-kappaB protein in cytoplasm, while decreased the content of NF-kappaBp65 protein in nucleus. These results suggest that ECPRP reduce nitric oxide level via down-regulation of NF-kappaB-iNOS-nitric oxide pathway, resulting in prevention of inflammation.
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To probe into the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) in the liver,the concentration of nitric oxide(NO) in the serum and its inhibition or killness on coccidia of rabbits,the rabbits infected with Eimeria stiedai were injected with the substrate of nitric oxide synthase-L-arginine(L-Arg) with different concentrations,the nitric oxide donor-nitroglycerin(GTN) and the inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase-L-aminoguanidine(L-AG) through the abdominal cavity.Then messure the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the liver using test box of nitric oxide synthase activity.Messure the concentration of nitric oxide in the serum via the method of nitric acid reductase.Count the coccidian oosysts per gram feces(OPG) using McMaster's method.Score the pathologies according to anatomic structures of rabiits' livers and micoscopic pathological changes.The results showed that: after infected with Eimeria stiedai,the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase of rabbits' liver chips and the concentration of nitric oxide in the serum increased gradually.The control group,L-arginine group,nitroglycerin group and L-aminoguanidine group reached the top 12 days after infected,and then decreased gradually and reached the level before infected at about 23days;L-arginine can enhance the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the liver and make it release large amount of nitric oxide,so that inhibit or kill Eimeria stiedai and ease the pathologies caused by Eimeria stiedai;Nitroglycerin can release nitric oxide in vivo and inhibit Eimeria stiedai,so that ease the pathologies.On the contrary,L-aminoguanidine inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase in the liver and reduces nitric oxide produced,so that the inhibition on Eimeria stiedai was weakened or even not existed andaggravated the pathologies.The results clues on that nitric oxide and inducible nitric oxide synthase indeed participate in the process of rabbits' infection with Eimeria stiedai and nitric oxide plays the role of inhibition or killing in the process of infection.
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* Equal contributors. Received March 9, 2014; Accepted April 10, 2014; Epub April 15, 2014; Published April 30, 2014 Abstract: In this study, 20 new derivatives of caffeic acid esters were synthesized and their inhibitory activities against the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 macrophages were deter- mined. Compounds 3l, 3r, 3s and 3t were found to decrease nitrite levels in a dose-dependent manner in LPS- induced cells and showed potent inhibitory activities against the NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages with IC 50 values of 7.4, 5.9, 3.3 and 2.2 μM, respectively. They could be selected as compromising compounds for the later pharmacological study.
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Nitric oxide (NO), a gas signal molecule, is produced by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and has many physiological functions. Inducible NOS (iNOS) and NO not only promote or inhibit tumors, but also have many applications in cancer treatment. This article reviews the role and treatment of iNOS and NO in tumors.
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