Outcome of accelerated radiotherapy alone or accelerated radiotherapy followed by exenteration of the nasal cavity in dogs with intranasal neoplasia: 53 cases (1990–2002)
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Abstract Objective —To compare long-term results of radiotherapy alone versus radiotherapy followed by exenteration of the nasal cavity in dogs with malignant intranasal neoplasia. Design —Retrospective study. Animals —53 dogs with malignant intranasal neoplasia. Procedure —All dogs underwent radiotherapy consisting of administration of 10 fractions of 4.2 Gy each on consecutive weekdays. For dogs in the surgery group (n = 13), follow-up computed tomography was performed, and dogs were scheduled for surgery if persistent or recurrent tumor was seen. Results —Perioperative complications for dogs that underwent surgery included hemorrhage requiring transfusion (2 dogs) and subcutaneous emphysema (8). Rhinitis and osteomyelitis-osteonecrosis occurred significantly more frequently in dogs in the radiotherapy and surgery group (9 and 4 dogs, respectively) than in dogs in the radiotherapy-only group (4 and 3 dogs, respectively). Two- and 3-year survival rates were 44% and 24%, respectively, for dogs in the radiotherapy group and 69% and 58%, respectively, for dogs in the surgery group. Overall median survival time for dogs in the radiotherapy and surgery group (47.7 months) was significantly longer than time for dogs in the radiotherapy-only group (19.7 months). Conclusions and Clinical Relevance —Results suggest that exenteration of the nasal cavity significantly prolongs survival time in dogs with intranasal neoplasia that have undergone radiotherapy. Exenteration after radiotherapy may increase the risk of chronic complications. ( J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005;227:936–941)Mometasone furoate
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Intranasal microspheres have gained increased interest in recent years.The mucoadhesive properties between microspheres and nasal mucosa via intranasal administration were remarkable affected by factors such as species of polymer materials,molecular weight,pH and modifications.During the process of the preperartion,the mucoadhesion of microspheres has a great relationship between the above facrors.Thus this review focuses on how the above factors affecting the mucoadhesion of microspheres via intranasal administration.
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Intranasal vaccines that elicit mucosal immunity are deemed effective against respiratory tract infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but their ability to induce humoral immunity characterized by immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG production is low. It has been reported that vaccination with a mixture of a viscous base carboxyvinyl polymer (CVP) and viral antigens induced robust systemic and mucosal immune responses. In this study, we analyzed the behavior of immunocompetent cells in the nasal cavity over time by spatial transcriptome profiling induced immediately after antigen vaccination using CVP. We established a method for performing spatial transcriptomics using the Visium system in the mouse nasal cavity and analyzed gene expression profiles within the nasal cavity after intranasal vaccination. Glycoprotein 2 ( Gp2 ) - , SRY-box transcription factor 8 ( Sox8 ) - , or Spi-B transcription factor ( Spib )-expressing cells were increased in the nasal passage (NP) region at 3–6 hr after SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and CVP (S-CVP) vaccination. The results suggested that microfold (M) cells are activated within a short period of time (3–6 hr). Subsequent cluster analysis of cells in the nasal cavity showed an increase in Cluster 9 at 3–6 hr after intranasal vaccination with the S-CVP. We found that Il6 in Cluster 9 had the highest log2 fold values within the NP at 3–6 hr. A search for gene expression patterns similar to that of Il6 revealed that the log2 fold values of Edn2 , Ccl20 , and Hk2 also increased in the nasal cavity after 3–6 hr. The results showed that the early response of immune cells occurred immediately after intranasal vaccination. In this study, we identified changes in gene expression that contribute to the activation of M cells and immunocompetent cells after intranasal vaccination of mice with antigen-CVP using a time-series analysis of spatial transcriptomics data. The results facilitated the identification of the cell types that are activated during the initial induction of nasal mucosal immunity.
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The theory of intranasal brain-targeting system and its preparations were sumarized to provide basis for traditional Chinese mediline(TCM).literatures searching were based on Keywords as intranasal administration,nasal administration and brain-targeting system.The paper not only described the nasal cavity physiological characteristics to study the transport mechanisms of intranasal drug delivery for brain targeting,but also reviewed the situation of the central nerve system disease treatment using the intranasal drug delivery for brain targeting.The paper also described the new intranasal formulation(in situ gel,liposomes,microspheres,nanoparticles formulations)and traditional Chinese medicine nasal administration to understand the process of traditional Chinese medicine nasal administration.Intranasal brain-targeting preparations of TCM had broad development prospect.
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Intranasal drug administration is a less invasive method of drug delivery that is easily accessible for adult and pediatric patients. Medications administered by the intranasal route have efficacy comparable to intravenous administration and typically have superior efficacy to subcutaneous or intramuscular routes. The intranasal route is beneficial in emergent situations when the intravenous route is not available. The intranasal route is safe and effective in various indications, and therapeutic systemic concentrations of medication can be attained via this route. As the evidence for and comfort with intranasal administration continue to grow, guidance on correct technique, medications, and dosing is vital for appropriate use. This article reviews the process and practices of appropriate intranasal medication administration.
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Objective To explore the feasibility of brain-targeting intranasal administration with β-asarone microemulsion by nose-brain pathway. Methods The concentration of β-asarone in plasma and brain following nasal administration of β-asarone microemulsion(0.42 mL/kg) was measured by HPLC, taking the iv administration of self microemulsion injection as control. And the brain-targeting was evaluated by ratio of AUCbrain/AUCplasma. Results The ratio of AUCbrain/AUCplasma obtained after intranasal administration was significantly higher than that after iv administration. Conclusion The brain-targeting of β-asarone is better after intranasal administration which could become a new drug delivery system for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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It has been shown that stimulated TSH and prolactin levels in intranasal administration of rifathyroin are comparable with the results of i.v. administration of the drug. Intranasal administration can be used for both therapeutic and diagnostic purposes.
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