The regulation of quantitative variation of foliar terpenes in medicinal tea tree Melaleuca alternifolia
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Keywords:
Melaleuca alternifolia
Melaleuca
Terpene
Tree (set theory)
The composition of the essential oil distilled from freshly cut leaves and branchlets of the tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel) grown in India was analysed by GC and GC-MS and the results compared with those of oils of Australian origin. Terpinen-4-ol and 1,8-cineole amounted to 36.4 and 5.6% respectively in the oil, an inverse relationship which is the crucial parameter recommended by the Standards Association of Australia for oil of Melaleuca alternifolia.
Melaleuca alternifolia
Melaleuca
Myrtaceae
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Melaleuca (tea tree) oil has become increasingly commonly used in recent decades. The essential oil in Australia for the past 120 years is now available globally as an active component in various products. Historically, Melaleuca oil is known for its antiseptic and anti-inflammatory actions. Currently, microwave technology is applied to extract Melaleuca oil, but this extraction technology is not commercially under practice. Traditionally, Melaleuca oil extraction is possible through steam distillation of the Melaleuca alternifolia terminal branches and leaves, and the resultant extract is always either clear or pale yellowish. Melaleuca oil has been promoted as a therapeutic agent because scientific studies indicate that the Rideal-Walker (RW) coefficients of its extract composition include 8 for cymene, 16 for terpineol, 13.5 for tepinen-4-ol and 3.5 for cineole. The mode of action against bacteria is now partially elucidated, and assumptions exist. Hydrocarbons partition into biological membranes to disrupt the vital functions of Melaleuca oil, and also its components behave in the same manner. Therefore, the inhibition of respiration and the leakage of ions or loss of intracellular material and the inability to maintain homeostasis reflect the loss of membrane integrity and lysis in Melaleuca oil products containing lower than usual terpenes concentrations. Melaleuca oil possesses antifungal properties and is known exclusively for the treatment of Candida albicans. This essential oil strongly changes the permeability of Candida albican cells. C. albicans treatment with 0.25% tea tree oil leads to propidium iodide uptake. However, a significant loss of 260-nmlight-absorbing materials after staining with methylene blue occurs after 6 hours. Melaleuca extracts alter the permeability of Candida glabrata that occurs when the membrane is treated with 0.25% Melaleuca oil. Melaleuca oils possess antiviral properties but most findings evidence that this oil fights against both non-enveloped and enveloped viruses, although the range of viruses tested to date is minimal. Melaleuca oil is known for its antiprotozoal activity because it causes a 50% reduction in the growth of protozoa Leishmania major and Trypanosoma brucei at concentrations of 403 mg/ml and 0.5 mg/ml, respectively, based on the studies done (in comparison to controls). An investigation has shown that terpinen-4-ol also contributes significantly to antiprotozoal activity. Tea tree oils at 300 mg/ml killed all cells of Trichomonas vaginalis, and also anecdotal in-vivo studies evidence that Melaleuca oil may be effective in treating infections caused by Trichomonas vaginalis. This review article summarizes the developments in our understanding of the phytochemistry, bioactivity, metabolism and the economic aspects of Melaleuca alternifolia, and it details how Melaleuca alternifolia species have evolved in the ecosystem.
Melaleuca alternifolia
Melaleuca
Phytochemical
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Melaleuca alternifolia
Melaleuca
Tree (set theory)
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Melaleuca alternifolia
Melaleuca
Tree (set theory)
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The composition of the essential oil distilled from freshly cut leaves and branchlets of the tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel) grown in India was analysed by GC and GC-MS and the results compared with those of oils of Australian origin. Terpinen-4-ol and 1,8-cineole amounted to 36.4 and 5.6% respectively in the oil, an inverse relationship which is the crucial parameter recommended by the Standards Association of Australia for oil of Melaleuca alternifolia.
Melaleuca alternifolia
Melaleuca
Myrtaceae
Tree (set theory)
Monoterpene
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Melaleuca alternifolia or commonly known as tea tree is a tall shrub or small tree in the plant genus Melaleuca. It is popular for its oil, which is tea tree oil where it has been employed largely in various industries of its antimicrobial properties. Research works are still ongoing mainly focusing on the tea tree oil properties, ultimately almost none of them investigating on the residue which is the leaves. Environmental issues become the world major concern, which create awareness among industrial player to turn back to natural fibre in producing products. In recent time, productions of composites from agro waste have received considerable attention. This paper aims to rationalize the potential of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) leaves as a new source of natural fibres or material in order to become the potential filler or reinforcer in the development of a
new biocomposite.
Melaleuca alternifolia
Melaleuca
Tree (set theory)
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The essential oil of 1,8-cineole rich Melaleuca alternifolia was extracted from Melaleuca alternifolia leaves by steam distillation.The TLC method was adopted to analyze and identify the oil and GC-FID was used to determine the relative content of main components in the oil.Comparing with the standard of tea tree oil,we gave the quality standard proposal of the oil of 1,8-cineole rich Melaleuca alternifolia,which provided references for the development and research of the oil of 1,8-cineole rich Melaleuca alternifolia.
Melaleuca alternifolia
Melaleuca
Steam distillation
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The identity, sources and composition of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) oil are discussed, and earlier errors in the literature indicated. Reports of both therapeutic and allergenic effects are reviewed.
Melaleuca alternifolia
Melaleuca
Tree (set theory)
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Melaleuca alternifolia
Melaleuca
Cutting
Monoculture
Myrtaceae
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Background: Wound is a condition of the continuity of tissue inside the body due to the injury or surgery that can cause disruption of the body function that disrupt daily activities. Tea tree (Melaleuca Alternifolia) is an endemic plant that could be found in Australia and have many benefit. The purpose of this study literature is to know the result of using tea tree oil (Melaleuca Alternifolia) for wound treatment based on the study that have been done.
Method: This study used a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). The population that have been used in this study is an international journal with a key word of Tea Tree Oil, Wound Injury, Wound Treatment, Wound Management and Tea Tree Dressing. With a total of 26 international journal that have been screening with a range of publish 2010-2019 and also can be access with a full text.
Result: According to the analysis result of PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome) that have been done 65.4% use a method of true experiment, 19.2% is a case study and 15.4% is a study literature. 77% proven to be effective in a wound treatment and the rest 23% proven to be not effective.
Conclusion: In this study literature 77% from 26 international journal that have been analysis proven to be effective in a wound treatment that using tea tree oil (Melaleuca Alternifolia) meanwhile the rest 23% proven to be not effective.
Melaleuca alternifolia
Melaleuca
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