Experimental Study of Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow Even Distribution in Parallel-Flow Evaporator
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1. Introduction. 2. The header . 3. The header . 4. The header . 5. The header . 6. The Standard C Library. 7. The header . 8. The header . 9. The header . 10. The header . 11. The header . 12. The header . 13. The header . 14. The header . 15. The header . 16. The header . 17. The header . 18. The header . 19. The header . 20. The header . 21. The header . 22. The header . Appendix: Interfaces. Appendix: Names. Appendix: Terms. Index.
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Soybean header losses were evaluated on four header configurations: rigidheader, flexible header, row crop header, and rigid header with milo guards. The formerthree headers have commonly been used for soybean harvesting. The results of fieldtests showed the lowest loss in the rigid header followed by flexible header, row cropheader, and rigid header with milo guards. The evaluation results were different fromthose previously reported, which typically found the least loss with a row crop headerfollowed by flexible header and rigid header. The difference of header losses amongfour headers was not statistically significant. For the effect of the milo guard on headerlosses, the advantage on all kinds of losses, which include stalk, stubble, lodged, andshatter losses, was not shown.
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Wheat losses in John Deere 955 combine was compared between stripper header and conventional header. Tests were conducted in a wheat field. At first for comparison, the optimum working condition was obtained for both type of headers and then other parameters are compared. Results showed that the optimum working condition of combine with a second gear and mediate engine speed for stripper header was obtained with 75 cm for hood distance, 60 cm for header distance and 760 rmin -1 for rotor speeds. In stripper header , the total loss of different parts of combine was under 3.5%, although these losses in conventional header reached up to 6.5% which was the highest loss for headers. Number and weight of lost cluster in harvesting with stripper header was much less than conventional header. Keywords: wheat, stripper header, conventional header, rotor speed, loss
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Inlet change along the Virginia barrier islands has been studied on an individual inlet basis. This study evaluated the ten inlets both individually and as a group. Evaluating the inlets as a group allows the discovery of inlet change patterns among the inlets. Inlet width was measured from satellite and aerial images. Width is the straight-line distance from the northernmost fast land to southernmost fast land. Measurements spanned from July 1999 to April 2018 with a frequency of four to eight width measurements per year. Total width change to 2018 was 2 percent to 357 percent. The largest change was to Great Machipongo Inlet. The inlet widened from approximately 800 meters wide in 1999 to 3645 meters wide in 2018. This widening effectively splits the remaining nine inlets into two groups. Inlet widening patterns of the two groups are high rates for the first three or four inlets and a very low rate for the final inlet of the group. Wind direction change also plays a significant role in net inlet widening. Inlet widening has not abated and wider inlets will allow larger waves to affect environmentally and commercially important areas to the west of the barrier island/inlet system.
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This chapter describes sand transport patterns and sand bypassing at seven inlets; five of these are located on the east coast of the USA (Price Inlet, Breach Inlet, Captain Sam's Inlet, Mason Inlet and Wachapreague Inlet), one inlet is located in the Bay of Plenty on the North Island of New Zealand (Katikati Inlet) and another is part of the Dutch Wadden Sea coast (Ameland Inlet). The inlets are selected because they are still in their natural state and have been extensively studied. Emphasis is on the mode of bypassing, location stability and their relationship with the P/M ratio. In judging the results, it should be pointed out that estimates of longshore sand transport have limited accuracy.
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In this chapter, we will create our first header file, which will be concerned with the configuration words we write for our projects. Later, we will write other useful header files.
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Combined with the working environment, a topology optimization design plan was applied to the header frame of a combine harvester. The dynamics of the optimized header frame were evaluated through modal analysis, and the final optimization plan was determined. The results showed that with little effect on the equivalent maximum stress and total deformation, the optimized header frame had reduced mass of 20.24%, achieved the goal of lightening.
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Highlights The relationship of vibration and header loss was studied by multi-point vibration measurement and loss collection test. There was an approximately linear positive correlation between total header vibration and total rapeseed header loss. The header frame was analyzed and optimized through modal simulation and testing. The total rapeseed header loss of the improved header was reduced by 33.2% to 46.9%. Abstract . In view of the current large rapeseed header losses of rape combine harvesters, the effects of the header on rapeseed header loss were studied from the perspective of vibration. First, the vibrations at various measuring points on the header during rape harvest were studied using a data acquisition and analysis system while performing collection tests of rapeseed header loss with the sample slot method. The relationships between total header vibration and total rapeseed header loss and between vertical cutter vibration and rapeseed vertical cutter loss were shown to have a positive correlation, and they all increased with the increase in engine speed. Vertical cutter loss accounted for 31.2% to 42.4% of the total rapeseed header loss. Modal analysis and optimization of the header frame were then performed by simulation and test. The natural frequencies of the first-order and second-order modes of the optimized header were increased, and the possibility of resonance with other working parts was eliminated. Finally, the improved header was tested during rape harvest. The results showed that the total vibration of the improved header was reduced by 19.9% to 43.9%, and the total rapeseed header loss was reduced by 33.2% to 46.9%. The vertical cutter vibration was reduced by 30.5% to 49.8%, and the rapeseed vertical cutter loss was reduced by 20.8% to 34.7%. In addition, the vibration and rapeseed loss of the improved header had relatively slow rates of increase with the increase in engine speed. The method of reducing rapeseed loss by reducing the header vibration achieved an obvious and positive effect. Keywords: Frame optimization, Modal analysis, Rape combine harvester, Rapeseed header loss, Vibration.
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ABSTRACT The study presents computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations for evaluation of basic geometrical shapes as headers for equal liquid flow distribution. The headers that have been evaluated are conical header, cylindrical header, pyramidal header, rectangular header and spherical header. The computational approach used in the study has been validated by comparing predictions of numerical simulations with experimental results for a cylindrical header. The effects of volume of header, flow rate, diameter of outlets and pressure imbalance at outlets on flow distribution have been studied. At low flow rates, there is no significant difference in the performance of the headers of different geometrical shapes. At higher flow rates, spherical header is found to be better. The possibility of ensuring equal flow distribution by having outlets of varying cross‐sectional area is discussed. The results reported in the study provide useful insights relevant for header design problems. © 2014 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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