Generation ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae deletants and basic phenotypic analysis of eight novel genes from the left arm of chromosome XIV
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Abstract:
The disruption of eight novel genes was realized in two genetic backgrounds. Among these open reading frames, NO333, NO348 and NO364 presented homologies with other proteins of yeast or other organisms, whereas NO320, NO325, NO339, NO384 and NO388 showed no similarity with any protein. Tetrad analysis of heterozygous deletant strains revealed that NO348, NO364 and NO388 are essential genes for vegetative growth, whereas NO320, NO325, NO333, NO339 and NO384 are non-essential. Basic phenotypic analyses of the non-lethal deletant strains as suggested in the six-pack B0 programme did not reveal any significant differences between parental and mutant strains. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Keywords:
Tetrad
Cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are transformable by DNA under non‐artificial conditions
Transformants of bakers' yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) can be generated when non-growing cells metabolize sugars (without additional nutrients) in the presence of plasmid DNA. These results suggest that there is a mechanism by which DNA can naturally be taken up by the yeast cell. Natural transformation does not take place in common complete or minimal yeast culture media such as YPD and YNB. The starvation conditions used in our experiments thus seem to be an important prerequisite for such transformation events. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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The molecular geometries, energy properties, H-bonding patterns, and electrostatic potential characters of the thymine (T) and uracil (U) tetrads and the role of the potassium cation in the formation of the T tetrad and U tetrad have been studied at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) and the HF/6-311G(d,p) levels of theory. Both the T and the U tetrads are found to be stable in the isolated form. The stabilization energy of the U tetrad is about 6.8 kcal/mol more than that of the T tetrad. The lower stabilization energy of the T tetrad suggests the repulsion between the methyl group of the bases and the O2 atoms of their neighbors. While the nonplanar U tetrad has a bowl-like shape, the nonplanar T tetrad exhibits a propeller structure. The presence of a cation is critical for the formation of T or U tetrads in the G tetrad-containing tetraplexes. The cation−tetrad interaction energy has been evaluated to be about 65 kcal/mol for both tetrads. The similarity between both the cation−tetrad interaction energies and the K+−O4 distances predicted for the both tetrads suggests that the electrostatic interaction between the K+ ion and the O4 atoms dominates the cation−tetrad interactions. It has been found that the K+−T tetrad and the K+−U tetrad complexes alone could not be stable in aqueous solutions because of the high hydration energy of K+. However, the stacking of the T tetrad or the U tetrad on the adjacent G tetrad will be greatly enhanced in the presence of potassium cations in the tetraplexes.
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Thymine
Uracil
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Tetrad
Ionic radius
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The restoration of spin connection clarifies the long known local Lorentz invariance problem in telelparallel gravities. It is considered now that any tetrad together with the associated spin connection can be equally utilized. Among the tetrads there is a particular one, namely proper tetrad, in which all the spurious inertial effects are removed and the spin connection vanishes. A specific tetrad was proposed in the literature for spherically symmetric cases, which has been used in regularizing the action, as well as in searching solutions in various scenarios. We show in this paper that the this tetrad is not the unique choice for the proper tetrad. We construct a new tetrad that can be considered as the proper one, and it will lead to different behaviors of the field equation and results in different solutions. With this proper tetrad, it is possible to find solutions to teleparallel gravities in the strong field regime, which may have physical applications. In the flat spacetime limit, the new tetrad coincides with the aforementioned one.
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Spin connection
Spurious relationship
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One of the key feature of prions is the ability to be stable in two alternative conformations. Besides the intensively studied mammalian prions, there are also prion proteins present in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Research in this field has lead to opposite hypotheses that explain the sense of presence of [PSI+] prion in yeast cells. Some authors postulate e of role of the prions in the evolution of S. cerevisiae, whereas other investigators point out the negative influence of these particles upon the yeast physiology. In recent years, yeast prions are used for anti-prion drug screening, because of common features with mammalian prions. This work presents the most intensively studied fields of the research carried out on [PSI+] prion in yeast.
Prion Proteins
Fungal prion
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Ethyl methanesulfonate
Methyl methanesulfonate
Strain (injury)
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Tetrad
Canonical correlation
Zero (linguistics)
Canonical analysis
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae is closely allied to Saccharomyces diastaticus which produces extracellular glucoamylases and ferments starch. Tetrad analysis using S. cerevisiae, S. diastaticus and their recombinant progenies revealed that S. cerevisiae carries two negative genes against glucoamylase production: one was designated sta° and the other, INH1.
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