Chronic myelogenous leukemia in Hodgkin's disease: Immunofluorescence of cells
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Abstract:
A patient with Hodgkin's disease is described who developed chronic myelogenous leukemia 8 1/2 years after the start of radiation therapy. This therapy was fractional and was administered to most of the patient's skeleton. The radiation was an important factor in the development of leukemia. The presence of positive reactions to the antileukemic fluorescent antibodies may be consistent with the hypothesis that viruses are concerned with human leukemia.Keywords:
Chronic myelogenous leukemia
Immunofluorescence
We originally attempted to induce a gastric carcinoma in 327 female rats by the oral administration of 2,7-dlacetylaminofluorene. Gastric carcinoma, however, did not appear, while leukemia was found In 31 cases (9.5%). Chronic myelogenous leukemia was encountered in 29 cases (8.9%). This leukemia in rats morphologically resembles chronic myelogenous leukemia in man.
Chronic myelogenous leukemia
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Respiratory syncytial and adenovirus are 2 of the most important pathogens for respiratory infection in infancy. We compared the results of cellular cultures and immunofluorescence in the detection of these agents in nasopharyngeal exudates from hospitalized infants. Evidence for respiratory syncytial virus was searched in 776 samples. Immunofluorescence was much more sensitive, detecting 303 positive results, compared to only 142 for cell culture. Compared to immunofluorescence, the sensitivity and specificity of cell culture was 44% and 98%, respectively. Adenoviruses were investigated in 498 samples by both techniques. 88 positive results were identified by cell culture and only 30 by immunofluorescence. The sensitivity of immunofluorescence, compared to cell culture, was 31%, with a specificity of 99%. Thus, immunofluorescence is the technique of choice for detection of respiratory syncytial virus, while cell culture is preferable for adenovirus.
Immunofluorescence
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By measuring the oxygen consumption in the sternal bone marrow of various leukemias definitely diagnosed on the basis of their bone-marrow tissue culture, the author obtained the following results. 1. In leukemia the oxygen consumption of 0.2 cc/hr sternal bone marrow shows an increase as compared with that of normal persons, and the degree of this increase differs according to the form of diseases. The grade of such an increase is in the descending order of that in acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, monocytic leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Xo(2)/K in comparison with that in the normal case is increased in acute myelogenous leukemia and monocytic leukemia, but in chronic myelogenous leukemia it is somewhat decreased, and in acute and chronic lymphocytic leukemia it is markedly decreased. Qo(2) is increased in all leukemia as compared with that of normal case, and its increase is in the descending order of that in monocytic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. 2. There is a parallel relation between the oxygen consumption, the nucleated cell count, and the immature cell percentage of the bone marrow, and moreover, in chronic myelogenous leukemia at remission due to the treatment the oxygen consumption is also reduced. 3. As for the oxygen consumption of peripheral erythrocytes in chronic myelogenous leukemia it is at the normal level, but in all others it is slightly reduced.
Chronic myelogenous leukemia
Acute lymphocytic leukemia
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Ninety-six percent of mice that were bled of 50 percent of their blood volume when they were 9 weeks old succumbed to myelogenous leukemia by 15 months after phlebotomy, the majority of them dying between 7 and 10 months after this treatment. These results suggest that (i) anemia is an effective stress for triggering myelogenous leukemia in animals that are predisposed to the disease, (ii) the RF mouse is "naturally" prone to the development of myelogenous leukemia, and (iii) the concept of two-step de novo induction of myelogenous leukemia appears to be applicable in this animal.
Chronic myelogenous leukemia
Phlebotomy
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The presence of nucleated red cells is usual in cases of chronic leukemia, especially of chronic myelogenous leukemia. It is well known that in some cases of myelogenous leukemia large numbers of nucleated red corpuscles are present, particularly subsequent to treatment (Forkner1). Von Leube2in 1900 described a rapidly progressive disorder of the blood characterized by changes which suggested both pernicious anemia and myelogenous leukemia. The term leukanemia which he used was not widely accepted. It is probable that in the cases in which the diagnosis of leukanemia was made both pernicious anemia and chronic myelogenous leukemia were present, for such cases were reported later by many authors, for instance, by Beiglböck,3in 1934. Rich and Schiff4in 1936 reported a case of pernicious anemia with chronic lymphatic leukemia. Italian authors used the term erythroleukemia for cases of polycythemia with leukemia or with the leukemic blood
Chronic myelogenous leukemia
pernicious anemia
Chronic lymphatic leukemia
Chronic leukemia
Aplastic anemia
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By measuring the oxygen consumption in the sternal bone marrow of various leukemias definitely diagnosed on the basis of their bone-marrow tissue culture, the author obtained the following results.1. In leukemia the oxygen consumption of 0.2 cc/hr sternal bone marrow shows an increase as compared with that of normal persons, and the degree of this increase differs according to the form of diseases. The grade of such an increase is in the descending order of that in acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, monocytic leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Xo2/K in comparison with that in the normal case is increased in acute myelogenous leukemia and monocytic leukemia, but in chronic myelogenous leukemia it is somewhat decreased, and in acute and chronic lymphocytic leukemia it is markedly decreased. Qo2 is increased in all leukemia as compared with that of normal case, and its increase is in the descending order of that in monocytic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia.2. There is a parallel relation between the oxygen consumption, the nucleated cell count, and the immature cell percentage of the bone marrow, and moreover, in chronic myelogenous leukemia at remission due to the treatment the oxygen consumption is also reduced.3. As for the oxygen consumption of peripheral erythrocytes in chronic myelogenous leukemia it is at the normal level, but in all others it is slightly reduced.
Chronic myelogenous leukemia
Acute lymphocytic leukemia
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Chronic myelogenous leukemia
Acute myeloblastic leukemia
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Abstract Monkeys inoculated intramuscularly with chlamydial suspensions responded with antibody demonstrable by indirect immunofluorescence. IgM antibody was not detected in the whole sera of five of six monkeys, but antibody activity could be demonstrated in IgM fractions from these sera. Monkeys inoculated intravenously with large numbers (1011) of chlamydial particles had IgM antibody detectable in whole sera as well as in fractions. IgG antibody interfered with the demonstration of IgM antibody by immunofluorescence. It is suggested that similar interference of IgG with IgM antibody may occur in other systems.
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Immunoglobulin M
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INTRODUCTION Immunofluorescence is widely used as a technique for visualization of a specific protein in cells or tissue sections. The two major types of immunofluorescence staining methods are (1) direct immunofluorescence staining, in which the primary antibody is labeled with fluorescence dye, and (2) indirect immunofluorescence staining, in which a secondary antibody labeled with fluorochrome is used to recognize a primary antibody. Immunofluorescence staining can be performed on whole tissue, tissue sections, or cells fixed on slides. Despite the availability of various immunofluorescence protocols, it is still a challenge to work with Drosophila S2 cells because of their poor attachment and comparatively low permeability. Here we provide a modified and standardized immunofluorescence protocol specifically for S2 cells.
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Direct fluorescent antibody
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Objective: To investigate the diagnosis of atypical chronic myelogenous leukemia.Methods: Through the comparison between atypical chronic myelogenous leukemia (12 cases) and typical chronic myelogenous leukemia (23 cases), we can find out that atypical chronic myelogenous leukemia was different from typical chronic myelogenous leukemia in clinical characteristics and morphology features.Results:First of all,the patients' age is always old.In most cases, there was not anemia but platelet was slightly higher than the normal, swelling of spleen was not unconspicuous, and the neutrophil alkaline phosphatase score was normal or slightly decreased.Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome was undetectable by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as well.Conclusion: To diagnose this disease, the course of disease must be observed in succession which is aggravated along with the time passing and the other therapies are invalid.
Chronic myelogenous leukemia
Philadelphia chromosome
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