Control of iron nanoparticle size by manipulating PEG–ethanol colloidal solutions and spin-coating parameters for the growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes
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Polyethylene glycol tosylate is a useful intermediate for the preparation of the functionalized polyethylene glycol.A series of polyethylene glycol di-tosylates and polyethylene glycol mono-tosylates were synthesized from polyethylene and p-toluenesulfonyl chloride with the yields of products reaching 55%～80%,and the products were characterized by 1HNMR spectrometry.
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ทอนาโนคารบอนมการศกษาอยางแพรหลาย เปนเพราะวาทอนาโนคารบอนเปนวสดนาโน โดยปกตแลวสมบตของวสดนาโนจะแตกตางจากวสดขนาดใหญ ทอนาโนคารบอนทสงเคราะหไดจะมเสนผานศนยกลางอยในชวงระหวาง 0.4–4 นาโนเมตร และมความยาวไดถง 10 ไมโครเมตร นอกจากนทอนาโนคารบอนสามารถแบงออกไดเปน 2 ลกษณะ คอ ทอนาโนคารบอนแบบทมผนงเดยวและทอนาโนคารบอนแบบทเปนผนงหลายชน การสงเคราะหทอนาโนคารบอนจงมไดหลายวธและแตละวธกใหสมบตของทอนาโนคารบอนทแตกตางกน ซงจะเปนประโยชนในการนำทอนาโนคารบอนมาประยกตใชในอนาคต คำสำคญ : ทอนาโนคารบอน ทอนาโนคารบอนแบบมผนงชนเดยว ทอนาโนคารบอนแบบทเปนผนงหลายชน ตวทำปฏกรยา Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely studied. This is because CNTs is the nanomaterials. Normally, the properties of nanomaterials are different from bulk materials. The diameter of CNTs is between 0.4–4 nm. and the length can be as long as 10 mm. In addition, there are two types of CNTs. They are single wall carbon nanotubes and multiwall carbon nanotubes, respectively. CNTs have been synthesized by variety methods and each method will provide the different properties of CNTs. These will be useful for future applications. Keywords: Carbon nanotubes, singlewall carbon nanotubes, multi wall carbon nanotubes, catalyst
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A series of di-tosylated and mono-tosylate polyethylene glycol were synthesized from polyethylene and p-toluenesulfonyl chloride,and characterized by 1HNMR.Di-terminal and mono imidazole polyethylene glycol were synthesized from di-tosylated or mono-tosylate polyethylene glycol with imidazole,and characterized by 1HNMR.
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Twenty-two proteins available to this laboratory were examined for their ability to crystallize from polyethylene glycol (PEG). Of the 22, 8 had been crystallized previously by conventional means and the remainder had yielded no crystals by other methods. Using a single broad screen with four different concentrations of five different molecular weight sizes of polyethylene glycol, 13 of these proteins were crystallized. Of the 13, 6 proteins were crystallized for the first time, one yielded crystals readily where only infrequent and irreproducible results were obtained before, and one other produced excellent quality crystals where only very disordered or twinned crystals were previously grown. In only one case did polyethylene glycol fail to yield crystals where other agents had succeeded. It is concluded that polyethylene glycol may be the best initial trial reagent for crystallization of proteins for x-ray diffraction analyses.
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Extrusion spin coating was developed to reduce photoresist waste and to improve coating uniformity in microlithography. This new method uses an efficient extrusion coating technique to apply a thin film of resist to a wafer prior to spinning. This initial layer of photoresist eliminates the spreading phase, the most inefficient step in conventional spin coating. The initial layer also provides existing spin coating models with preset initial conditions, allowing the prediction of coating thickness and uniformity a priori. This paper compares the experimental results with Emslie et al.'s predictive models of spin coating. A solvent concentration of 80% or higher in the coating chamber environment was found to be necessary to attain a predictable coating thickness with 5-/spl Aring/ uniformity. With optimized process variables, the mean coating thickness matched theoretical predictions within a variation of 0.01 /spl mu/m. Defect-free coating results were achieved with coating efficiencies as high as 40%.
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