Study of microwave dielectric properties measurements by various resonance techniques
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A theoretical study was carried out to analyze the impact of composite effect on dielectric constant and tunability in the ferroelectric–dielectric system. Models of Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 TiO 3 –Mg 2 TiO 4 , Ba 0.45 Sr 0.55 TiO 3 –MgO and Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 TiO 3 –MgO–Mg 2 SiO 4 system were constructed. The corresponding dielectric constant, tunability, and electric field distribution were obtained from the finite element analysis and the connections between these parameters were analyzed. The effects of the relative relationship between the dielectric constant of ferroelectric and dielectric on the whole dielectric properties were also analyzed by constructing a series of models with different dielectrics.
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In modeling the dielectric properties of inhomogeneous materials, the treatment of the electric field interaction s differentiate the usual modeling formalism and their accuracy. In this paper, we show that the performance of effective medium methods is dependent upon a number of variables - defect concentration, alignment, and the dielectric constant of the material itself. Using our previously developed finite element model of an inhomogeneous dielectric, we have developed models for a number of dielectric films of varying dielectric constant and microstructures. Alignment to of defects parallel to the applied field and the larger defect aspect ratios increase the overall dielectric constant. The extent of these effects is dependent on the dielectric constant of the bulk component.
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Dielectric loss
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The percolative ceramic composites of Ba0.75Sr0.25TiO3∕Ag (BST/Ag) with dense microstructure were sintered at a low temperature of 960°C. Excellent dielectric properties, such as high dielectric constant (εr∼24000), low dielectric loss, and high dielectric tunability, were reported. The dielectric constant is found to be nearly temperature and frequency independent. It is essential to introduce the low-melting-point metal of silver into BST ceramics for significantly enhancing the dielectric properties of the composites. The superproperties make it potential to be used for electronic devices such as high charge-storage capacitors and tunable filters.
High-κ dielectric
Dielectric loss
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Composites have been extensively studied for dielectric and related applications. This is a review of polymer based 0–3 composites that exhibit a high dielectric constant. These composites are classified into two types: Dielectric–dielectric composite and conductor–dielectric composite. The physical principles and related models are presented with associated assumptions and approximations. In general, a dielectric–dielectric composite needs a higher concentration of the fillers to reach a high dielectric constant than a conductor–dielectric composite. The high dielectric constant observed in the conductor–dielectric composites is usually associated with a high dielectric loss and a low electric breakdown field. The experimental results are summarized to illustrate the principles for, and the achievements in, the development of these composites. The challenges facing the fundamental understanding and the further development of these composites for different applications are discussed.
High-κ dielectric
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박력분을 이용해 제조한 쿠키 반죽에 microwave, 가압가열, microwave 및 가압가열 병행 처리 후 오븐에 굽기 전후의 쿠키의 일반 특성과 품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 쿠키의 pH는 microwave 1분 처리한 경우 무처리구에 비해 약간 증가하였고, microwave 1분 처리 후 구운 경우와 가압가열 및 microwave 병행처리 후 구운 경우 감소함을 보였다. 수분 함량은 반죽에 가압가열 처리했을 경우 상당히 증가하였다. 쿠키의 색도 측정 결과 외부색에서 명도는 무처리구에 비해 모든 처리구에서 감소하였고, 적색도는 microwave 1분 처리한 경우를 제외하고 모든 처리구에서 무처리구에 비해 높은 값을 보였으며 황색도는 microwave 1분 후 구운 경우를 제외하고 무처리구에 비해 낮은 값을 보였다. 물성 측정 결과, 경도, 검성, 씹힘성, 전단력에서 가압가열 및 microwave 병행처리 후 구운 처리구가 가장 많은 증가를 보였다. 관능평가에서는 무처리구가 전체 항목에서 가장 높은 점수를 받았고, microwave 1분 처리 후 구운 경우가 무처리구와 유사한 기호도를 보임을 확인하였으며, 선행 연구에서 밀 gliadin의 항원성을 감소시키는데 효과가 좋았던 가압가열 및 microwave 병행처리구의 경우 색, 형태, 질감, 전체적 기호도에서 낮은 점수를 받았다. 따라서 가압가열 및 microwave 병행처리구에 대해 색, 형태, 질감, 전체적 기호도를 개선시킬 수 있는 대책을 마련한다면, 알레르기성이 저감화된 제품 개발에 적합할 것으로 사료된다.
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The coupling mechanism between wave absorption and microwave metal discharges is very important in the application of microwave heating for the treatment of waste electronic scraps, tires, and other refuse of a similar nature. In this work, microwave absorbing material, metal strips, and their mixture embedded in quartz sands were irradiated by microwaves and an indirect calorimetric method was used to measure their heating effect to explore their coupling mechanism. Numerical study was also carried out to validate the experimental results and explain the mechanism in theory. The results indicate that the amount of microwave absorber directly influences the stimulation and the intensity of microwave metal discharges. An appropriate amount of microwave absorber is advisable for an efficient heating process by microwaves. The coupling mechanism of wave absorption and microwave metal discharges varies from collaborative to competitive with the increased amount of microwave absorber. Overuse of microwave absorber can counteract the improvement of microwave energy efficiency.
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A new A site complex lead-free ferroelectric ceramics of(1-x-y)BNT-xBKT-yBiCoO3 was prepared by a conventional ceramic sintering technique.The relation between composition and dielectric properties,dielectric properties and frequency were investigated.It was found that the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of unpoled samples is higher that those of poled samples.The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of unpoled samples decrease with the increase content of BiCoO3.The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of unpoled and poled samples increase with the content of BKT increasing.The dielectric constant decreases with frequency increasing,and the decreasing trend become slowly.The dielectric loss first decrease and then increase with increasing frequency.
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Ferroelectric ceramics
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The dielectric constant of most polymers is very low; the addition of TiO2 particles into the polymers provides an attractive and promising way to reach a high dielectric constant. Polymer-based materials with a high dielectric constant show great potential for energy storage applications. Four samples were prepared, one of them was polyurethane (PU) and the other were PU with different weight percent (wt %) of TiO2 (0.1, 0.2, 0.3) powder AFM test was used to distinguish the nanoparticles. The result shows that the most shape of these nanoparticles are spherical and the roughness average is 0.798 nm. The dielectric properties were measured for all samples before and after the exposure to the UV radiation. The result illustrates that the dielectric constant decreased and the dielectric loss increased, the amount of decrease in the dielectric constant decreases with the increasing of the TiO2 concentration that added to the PU and decreasing in the amount of dielectric loss.
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Waveguide-based combining microwave beams is an attractive technique for enhancing the output capacities of narrow-band high power microwave devices. A specific T-junction combiner is designed for combining the X/X band microwave beams, and the detailed combining method and experimental results are presented. In the experiments, two microwave sources which can generate gigawatt level microwaves are driven by a single accelerator simultaneously, and their operation frequencies are 9.41 and 9.60 GHz, respectively. The two microwave beams with durations of about 35 ns have been successfully combined, and no breakdown phenomenon occurs.
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Microwave power
Microwave engineering
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A novel method of estimating the dielectric constant has been devised based on a theoretical treatment of dielectrics. The expression obtained enables the electronic and ionic components of the dielectric constant to be estimated from data in the literature. The orientational component can be isolated by measuring the temperature dependence of the dielectric constant. The dielectric constants of low-k materials which have not been synthesized can be estimated using this expression.
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