Use of color doppler ultrasound and ultrasound contrast in liver transplantation
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Contrast-enhanced ultrasound
Doppler ultrasound
Color doppler
Neurophysiological findings and recent theorizing suggest that contrast may influence the ease of attentional selection, with high-contrast stimuli easy to select and hard to ignore. We tested this in four experiments. In Exp 1, subjects searched for a target (an “8” or a “9”) in a display of digits. In separate blocks, subjects searched a display of: (A) low-contrast digits, (B) high-contrast digits, (C) half low- and half high-contrast digits, with the target appearing among the low-contrast digits, or (D) half low- and half high-contrast digits, with the target appearing among the high-contrast digits. In conditions C and D, subjects were told the contrast of the target, potentially allowing them to select based on contrast. Subjects performed significantly better in condition C than in A (and better in condition D than in B), indicating that contrast differences between relevant and irrelevant stimuli improves search even when the irrelevant stimuli are of higher contrast. In Exps 2 and 3, subjects searched for a target among digits within half of the items, which was defined by color (red vs. green) or location, respectively. The contrast of these “relevant” and “irrelevant” sets was independently manipulated. When the relevant subset was defined by color, the search was easier whenever the “relevant” and “irrelevant” items had different contrast levels, even when the distractors were high-contrast. However, when the relevant items were in distinct locations, search was harder when the irrelevant subset was of high-contrast. This was not true, however, when the same experiment was repeated with different contrast levels presented in different blocks (Exp 4). Overall, the results suggest that selective attention to either high- or low-contrast is readily achieved, although this capability is not always utilized. The results challenge the most obvious linkage between attentional function and neurophysiological findings concerning contrast and attention.
Color contrast
High contrast
Visual Search
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Objective: To evaluate values of color Doppler ultrasound in diagnosis of inguinal mass in children(IMC).Methods: Totally 605 patients with pathologically or clinically conformed IMC were analyzed by 2-D and color Doppler ultrasound.Results: 2-D and color Doppler ultrasound reflected structures and blood supply status clearly,and both had very important diagnostic values in the diagnosis of IMC.Conclusions: 2-D and color Doppler ultrasound can provide abundant data for the diagnosis of IMC,and therefore it has important clinical values.
Color doppler
Doppler ultrasound
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Hollingsworth recently showed a posttest contrast for ANOVA situations that, for equal N, had several favorable qualities; the contrast is maximized so that if the overall F test were significant, the contrast would also be significant. The coefficients are chosen such that , which is said to help interpret the resulting contrast. However, for unequal N, the contrast suggested by Hollingsworth fails to achieve status as a maximized contrast; thus the contrast is not insured to be significant when the overall F test is significant, requiring separate testing of the contrast.
Contrast effect
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Neuroradiology
Pediatric Radiology
Task force
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound
Interventional radiology
Diagnostic ultrasound
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Keywords contrast enhanced ultrasound, liver transplantation, CEUS, ABO-incompatible liver transplant
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound
ABO incompatibility
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For these years,besides the contrast of the two language structures,linguists also have made contrast research for the two kinds of cultures.From language contrast to culture contrast, it shows the development of contrast has entered a new stage.It is not difficult to indicate the diffrence between things,but to indicate why it is different is not easy.That is just the aim of contrast research.
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Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of cryptorchidism by color Doppler ultrasound.Methods:Fifty-four cases of cryptorchidism in the last 3 years were determined in location,size,interior structure and blood flow by color Doppler ultrasound prior to operation.Results:The diagnostic accuracy rate was 83.3%.Conclusions: color Doppler ultrasound plays an important role in the diagnosis of cryptorchidism.
Color doppler
Doppler ultrasound
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Whether contrast adaptation may enhance contrast discrimination is a question that has remained largely unresolved because of conflicting empirical evidence. Greenlee and Heitger (1988), for example, reported that contrast discrimination may be enhanced after contrast adaptation, while Maattanen and Koenderink (1991) did not. This paper aimed to account for the different conclusions reached by these independent researchers by manipulations of key differences that exist between the two studies. It is shown that contrast discrimination may be enhanced after adaptation, but that these effects can vary markedly across subjects and test conditions. Enhancements in contrast discrimination are reported to be significant when adapting and testing at low levels of contrast, but just significant at higher levels of contrast. For high contrast signals; enhancements are shown to be independent of temporal frequency but dependent upon viewing conditions. Under binocular viewing conditions, enhancements in contrast discrimination thresholds are shown to be significantly higher than under monocular viewing conditions. It is suggested that the different conclusions reached by Greenlee and Heitger and by Maattanen and Koenderink may be explained by their respective differences in viewing conditions. The former study used binocular, while the latter study used monocular viewing with an occluding eyepatch.
Monocular
High contrast
Contrast effect
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The aim of this paper is to rationalize the idea of constructing a contrast category as one of the semantic categories in Chinese Language,as well as to classify it from different perspectives.There are theoretical supports from cognitive psychology and linguistic that contrast as a semantic category in modern Chinese is the reflection of contrast as part of humankinds' cognitive mechanism.As a semantic category revises a certain relationship,contrast is characterized by highlighting difference.From different perspectives we can classify contrast category into different sub-categories as follows:marked contrast and unmarked contrast,antithetical contrast and non-antithetical contrast,two-thing contrast and two-profile contrast,linear contrast and non-linear contrast,overt contrast and implied contrast,unitary contrast and multiple contrast and etc.
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Contrast-enhanced ultrasound
Characterization
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