Scald Injury of the Respiratory Tract: An Unusual Occurrence
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Abstract:
An unusual case of tracheobronchial scald associated with head and neck scald is reported. A five-month-old infant, lying on his back with his face under the hot water tap, not only sustained head and neck scalds, but also swallowed and aspirated hot water. Burns of the mouth, pharynx, trachea, major bronchi, and bronchides ensued.Keywords:
Respiratory tract
68 persons employed at the production of fabrics from wool and flax, have been subjected to otolaryngological examinations. Chronic atrophic catarrh of mucous membrane of nose and pharynx was found in all 8 persons employed in tapestry weaving mill and in 44 among 60 employees of a weaving mill operated manually. Atrophic changes occurred most frequently both in the nose and the pharynx, less frequently only in the nose, and the least frequently only in the pharynx. Chronic atrophic catarrh of upper respiratory tract mucous membrane was found to be more frequent among those with the length of employment above 5 years than those with shorter employment, though this difference was not statistically significant. No correlation was found between the occurrence of chronic catarrh of upper respiratory tract and hearing damage.
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Weaving
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Parenchyma
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The pharynx variabilis of Prorhynchus is strongly muscular, with a small pharyngeal fold and a thin surrounding sheath. There is one row of inner longitudinal musclcs, up to six rows of inner circular muscles, many radial muscles, one row of outer circular and one row of outer longitudinal muscles, with no sphincter muscle groups. Three kinds of secretion, produced in a cluster of gland cell bodies posterior to the pharynx, enter the pharynx wall. They travel anteriorly in ducts and two kinds unite in a common duct just prior to discharging into the anterior region of the pharynx lumen. The perikarya of lumen epithelial cells lie within the pharynx musculature and, at the anterior and posterior margins of the pharynx, external to the pharynx. Bundles of ciliated receptors are numerous at the anterior and posterior constrictions. Similarities in the ultrastructure of flame bulbs of Rhabdocoela and Lecithoepitheliata suggest a relationship between these groups. However, the usefulness of pharynx ultrastructure for platyhelminth phylogeny cannot be assessed until complete ultrastructural studies of various groups of Rhabdocoela have been made.
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Turbellaria
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To evaluate whether norovirus (NoV) can be a possible cause of respiratory tract infection, 562 nasopharyngeal samples collected from children admitted for influenza-like illness were tested for NoV. Three (0.5%) were positive NoV GII.4. The data show that NoV can be found in the respiratory secretions of children with respiratory symptoms and that respiratory involvement can precede gastrointestinal manifestations.
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Respiratory illness
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The authors defined microbial landscape of mucous membranes of nose, oropharynx and trachea in patients with chronic cicatrical stenoses of larynx and trachea. 42 patients with tracheostomy have been examined. It was revealed that the growth of microorganism had been observed in 95–99% of cases, mainly in the monoculture. There predominated two-component associations. The main microorganisms supporting inflammatory reaction in trachea are Staphylococcus aureus, Group D Streptococcus, gram-negative bacilli. Tracheal mucosa microflora corresponded to the nasal cavity and pharynx biocenosis, hence it can be concluded that the tracheal mucosa seeding occurs from the upper regions of respiratory tract with the secretion aspiration from the nasal cavity and pharynx. Therefore, comprehensive care of the nasal cavity and pharynx in intensive care patient is essential for prevention of cicatricial process in the larynx and trachea to prevent aspiration of the discharge thereof in the lower respiratory tract.
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Commissure
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In the article, the author presented the results of a study of the state of the pharynx and larynx in workers of the aluminum production, depending on the length of service. The most toxic of the fluorine compounds is hydrogen fluoride, which, in addition to general toxic effects, has a local effect on the body, characterized by a predominant lesion of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract. Almost all hydrogen fluoride inhaled with air is retained in the upper respiratory tract. This is one of the important reasons for the violation of the condition of the pharynx and larynx. Of the total number of workers examined, 578 workers showed changes in the state of the pharynx and in 125 the state of the larynx. All surveyed were divided depending on the duration of work experience. The huge number of those surveyed for certain age groups, which exceeds more than 100 people, gives grounds to consider the revealed results sufficiently reliable to determine the volume of the affected population in the studied contingent and allows, quite reasonably, to analyze the age and experience dynamics of the lesion. The materials obtained showed that the weakening of the protective functions of the epithelium of the nasal cavity makes the mucous membrane of the pharynx and larynx more sensitive to harmful factors of the working environment, prolonged exposure to harmful industrial factors, such as a significant concentration of dust and various chemical compounds cause deeper damage to the mucous membrane of the pharynx and larynx and damage the upper respiratory tract becomes descending.
Respiratory tract
Mucous membrane
Hydrogen fluoride
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