Cost of isolation: Daily cost of isolation determined and cost avoidance demonstrated from the overuse of personal protective equipment in an acute care facility
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The global rise of multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs) is of major concern since infections by these pathogens are difficult, and in some cases, even impossible to treat. This review will discuss the effectiveness of a pathogen-independent alternative approach consisting of the implementation of antibiotic stewardship (ABS) programs, improvement of hand hygiene compliance, and daily antiseptic body washings instead of "screening, isolation and eradication" as recommended by many infection control guidelines today.A review of the literature.The classical approach composed of screening, isolation and eradication has many limitations, including lack of standardization of the screening methods, risk of medical errors for patients in isolation and failure to eradicate resistant bacteria. Notably, concrete evidence that this current infection control approach actually prevents transmission is still lacking. We found that a novel approach with the training of infectious diseases specialists can reduce the usage of antimicrobials, thereby significantly decreasing the emergence of new MDROs. Moreover, increased hand hygiene compliance not only reduces transmission of MDROs, but also that of sensitive organisms causing the majority of nosocomial infections. Further, instruments, such as continuing education, bed-side observation, and the use of new tools, e.g. electronic wearables and Wi-Fi-equipped dispensers, are all options that can also improve the current low hand hygiene compliance levels. In addition, daily antiseptic body washes were observed to reduce the transmission of MDROs, especially those deriving from the body surface-like MRSA and VRE in specific settings. Finally, antiseptic body washes were seen to have similar effects on reducing transmission rates as screening and isolation measures.In summary, this review describes a novel evidence-based approach to counteract the growing medical challenge of increasing numbers of MDROs.
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Antibiotic Stewardship
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Patient isolation
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Cross infection
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OBJECTIVE To prevent hospital infection of influenza A H1N1 by taking preventive and management measures.METHODS The emergency plans systems and processes concerned were made and the staff training was organized.Personnel reserve,disinfection and isolation were strengthened,and also the personal protective measures were taken and the information was exchanged.RESULTS There was no influenza A H1N1 infection in diagnosis and treatment of 98 cases of influenza A H1N1.CONCLUSION Influenza A H1N1 can be prevented,cured and controlled,as long as preventive and management measures are taken effectively.The prevention and control awareness and response capacity of the staff are improved,the system and measures concerned are implemented.
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With COVID 19, more than ever before, healthcare institutions are realizing the need to develop, implement, assess, review and revise their infection control policies and guidelines of practice. In many facilities, patients who are known to be or suspected to be infectious are physically isolated from other patients and people. This is the rightful and ethical thing to do. These patients are usually identified through surveillance or using clinical and/ or microbiological criteria. Whilst practices such as personal and hand hygiene, safe infection control practices, distancing and others are useful, the use of formal isolation in hospitals represent an important step. This is also essential to reduce spread to healthcare workers. In this paper, we describe a Negative Pressure Full Isolation Tent (NPFIT) which we tried out via simulation and the conduct of a simple smoke test to understand more on the concept of negative pressure and what it entails. It is our hope that readers will get a better understanding of this concept, through our simplified demonstration and trial.
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Background: Nurses' compliance with infection control practices is the key to quality and excellence in Covid-19 patient care; infection control remains one of the most cost beneficial and requires full compliance of the whole nursing team.Aim of the current study was to assess nursing staff compliance regarding infection control measures with COVID-19 patients at isolation hospitals.Design: Descriptive cross sectional study design was utilized to fulfill the aim of this study.Setting The study was conducted in two of corona virus's isolation hospitals at Minia City, Minia governorate, Egypt (Minia Chest Hospital & Minia Fever Hospital).Subjects: The study sample included (233) of nursing staff working in the prementioned hospitals, who were on duty during the period of data collection.Data Collection Tool: Observational Checklist of Nursing Staff Compliance with Infection Control and Prevention consisting of two parts; personal data sheet followed by Observation Checklist items.Results: Most of the studied nursing staff at the two hospitals had high level of compliance with infection control measures, while (12.4%) of them had low compliance level.Also, most of the studied nursing staff at Minia fever hospital had high compliance with protective measures, and linen management, while most of the studied nursing staff at Minia chest hospital had high compliance with safe injection practices, and specimen handling with statistically significance.Conclusion: The mean scores of total compliance level as well as the mean scores of personal protective equipment and safe injection practices sub-domain were observed higher in the morning shift than in the other work shifts with high statistically significant differences.Recommendations: Continuous education and training for all health care sectors about all waves of the Covid -19 virus.Frequently supervision by management levels to ensure nursing staff compliance with infection control measures during all work shifts.
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Healthcare workers are at high risk of acquiring COVID-19 from occupational exposure to COVID-19 virus during their daily medical service work. Excellent infection prevention and control measures and adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) are essential to reduce the risk of hospital-acquired COVID-19.On March 17, 2021, a female healthcare professional who already received both doses of the COVID-19 vaccination and was working in the isolation area of a designated COVID-19 hospital was diagnosed with COVID-19 in Xi'an city. Her exposure likely occurred five days before illness onset when she obtained nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs from the two imported cases that were identified as belonging to the B.1.1.7 lineage, the variant first detected in the United Kingdom.Since the healthcare worker had been fully vaccinated and had mild symptomatology, it is considered a mild breakthrough infection. All vaccines are associated with breakthrough infections. In addition to rigorous adherence to infection prevention and control measures, use of adequate PPE, and using good clinical practices, the potential role of chronic upper respiratory infection in acquiring COVID-19 during medical procedures deserves further consideration.
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