Observation on Particulate Matter over a Period of 3 Years at Kaikhali (22.022°N and 88.614°E) inside a Special Mangrove Ecosystem: Sundarbans
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Abstract:
Measurement of particulates [respirable particulate matter (RPM or PM10 ), fine RPM (PM2.5) , non-RPM (NRPM), and total suspended particulate matter (TSPM)] were carried out on a campaign basis over a period of 3 years (2003–2006) at Kaikhali (22.022°N and 88.614°E) inside one of the world’s largest mangrove delta region—“The Sundarbans.” Considering the toxic potential of the particulate fractions, the foremost objective of this study was to determine the particulate concentrations during different parts of the year as well as to ascertain the trend of occurrence of the particulate fractions in an area of rich and unique biodiversity. Moreover, as the area had no past records on particulate data over a decade, the other important objective of the study was to prepare substantial database for the area for the present time. The average range of PM10 , PM2.5 , NRPM, and TSPM for the period from 2003–2006 has been found to be (57–118), (35–80), (10–25), and (73–135) μg m−3 respectively. The data obtained for the finer particulate fractions have been compared with some previous studies in India. In addition to the particulate fractions, meteorological parameters such as wind speed, wind direction, and temperature were also recorded to accomplish proper interpretation of the data. The requisite statistical parameters (standard deviation, average, and range) for the particulate fractions have also been calculated.Keywords:
Mangrove ecosystem
At the opening session of the symposium, it was emphasized that the flora and fauna of mangrove ecosystems were very rich in species diversity, and that mangrove forests were productive as forestry and fishery resources. Although mangrove ecosystems played an important role, it was being destroyed as a result of non-sustainable economic activities. Destruction of mangrove ecosystems was explained with examples in Thailand. Mangrove Ecosystems were facing also another threat, negative effect of the sea level rise. Degradation and destruction of mangrove forest might cause release of carbon stock below the ground of mangrove forests and that might further accelerate the greenhouse effect. Acceleration of integrated and international studies on mangrove ecosystems from various aspects were needed urgently. To support such studies, a global mangrove database was being established by International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems (ISME) with support from International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO). It was concluded that since the greenhouse effect was an issue of importance not only for a few single countries but was a global issue affecting all countries, it was critically important to promote and enhance international cooperation on mangrove-related issues.
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Classifying and predicting the Mangrove species is one of the most important applications in our ecosystem. Mangroves are the most endangered species that contributes in playing a greater role in our ecosystem. It mainly prevents the calamities like soil erosion, Tsunami, storms, wind turbulence, etc. These Mangroves has to be afforested and conserved in order to maintain a healthy ecosystem. To attain this the study of mangrove is to be done first. To classify the mangroves in its habitat, we use an algorithm from Deep Neural Network.
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The research history of mangrove on Hainan island was devided into 6 periods:the recognition period of mangrove vegitation(before 1955);the investigation period of mangrove resources (1956-1965);the suspended period of research of mangrove (1966-1975);the recovered period of research of mangrove (1976-1985);the rapid development period of research of mangrove ecosystem and resource restoration (1986-1999) and the present development period of mangrove research (prospect for the 21st Century).So,such division is of instructive significance for development of mangrove research on Hainan island in the future.
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Status of mangrove ecosystem on Liong River, Bengkalis Island, Riau Province, is currently in a condition that tends to get a stressed doe to 60% of indigenous people living around mangroves are loggers. Series Landsat is used as recording data to map the mangrove and to see the changes in the region. This study aims to map changes in mangrove ecosystems from 1990 - 2017 using the OBIA method. The field observation was done using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The results showed that mangrove area has decreased every year. It was caused by anthropogenic and natural factors. Approximately 4.2% of mangrove decrease from 1990 to 2017 and mangrove highest exploitation occurred in 2007 with a decline of 31.5%.
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Mangrove is one of the ecosystems that need to be protected and conserved. If mangrove ecosystem is destroyed or damaged it will have a bad impact for the economy of people who live on the coast or mangrove waters. Uca Crab (Uca sp.) Itself is a small crab species that has a very important role in t
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Indonesian Abstract: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kualitas air mangrove alami dan rehabilitasi, meliputi DO, salinitas, suhu, pH, nitrat, dan ammonia serta fraksi sedimen. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Januari hingga Maret 2011 bertempat di estuari Perancak, Bali. Data dianalisis di Balai Riset Observasi Kelautan (BROK) Jembrana, Bali. Pengukuran kualitas air dan fraksi sedimen dibagi kedalam 4 (empat) sub-lokasi pada masing-masing lokasi. Masing-masing sub-lokasi mewakili kondisi dan karakter lingkunga, yakni dekat muara, pertengahan dan jauh dari muara. Pengukuran dilakukan insitu dan laboratorium. Kualitas air dan fraksi sedimen masing-masing zona di analisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi kualitas perairan pada daerah mangrove alami memiliki kisaran yang luas (DO antara 1,75-3,54 mg/l, suhu antara 29,08-30,50 oC, salinitas antara 20,16-38,27 ‰, pH antara 7,99-8,13, NO3 antara 0,1391-0,4037 mg/l serta NH4 antara 0,0539-0,1423 mg/l) dibanding pada daerah mangrove rehabilitasi dengan kisaran kualitas air sempit (DO antara 1,85-2,20 mg/l, suhu antara 29,01-29,41 oC, salinitas antara 17,41-22,87 ‰, pH antara 7,86-7,97, NO3 antara 0,1590-0,2693 mg/l dan NH4 antara 0,0857-0,0947 mg/l). Fraksi sedimen pada daerah mangrove rehabilitasi komponen pasir dan liat dalam porsi yang relatif kecil dibanding dengan daerah mangrove alami. Selain itu, komposisi fraksi sedimen pada mangrove alami cenderung lebih stabil dibanding mangrove rehabilitasi cenderung fluktuatif. Perbedaan kualitas air dan fraksi sedimen diduga kuat kuat memperngaruhi truktur dan komposisi mangrove, gastropoda dan bivalvia yang ada di lokasi tersebut. Selain itu, perbedaan tersebut terkait erat dengan kestabilan ekosistem dan keberadaan muara sungai yang diduga turut berpengaruh terhadap kondisi tersebut.
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This research was conducted in Kampung Parambu, Kab. Jeneponto in February-March 2020. This study aims to (1) determine the potential of the mangrove ecosystem in Kampung Parambu, Kab. Jeneponto; (2) knowing the potential of mangrove ecosystem stands in Kampung Parambu, Kab. Jeneponto. The approach used is survey research. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. The results obtained from the potential of mangrove ecosystems in Parambu Village are dominated by mangrove species Rhizophora sp. with a total area of ??10 Ha (6 Ha is good, 3 Ha is slightly damaged and 1 Ha is heavily damaged) while the potential of mangrove stands is on average 20,000 trees / ha and volume 648.41 m3 / ha. These conditions illustrate that the existence of mangrove ecosystem resources in Kampung Parambu, Kab. Jeneponto has enough potential to be utilized by the local community. Therefore, policies in managing mangrove ecosystem resources need to consider biophysical aspects for further development.
Keywords: potential, biophysical, ecotourism, mangrove
Mangrove ecosystem
Rhizophora mucronata
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Mangrove ecosystem
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