Development of Tool for Evaluation of Automotive Conformity of FM Receivers Using Two-Stage Method
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Conformity
Conformity assessment
Conformity assessment procedures do not necessarily constitute the technical barriers to trade. Conformity assessment procedures can make contribution in improving efficiency of production and facilitating the conduct of international trade. The Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade has set some rules on them. But the complicated and various conformity assessment procedures adopted by developed countries have blocked our exports, and will be the main barriers to international trade. Finally, the paper attempts to analyze the causes and suggest the relevant countermeasures.
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Conformity assessment activities facilitate market acceptance for manufacturers, importers, exporters and traders by providing confidence that applicable requirements are being met. There is no trade without conformity assessment. There is no competitive market without standards. There is no free movement of goods without harmonisation of requirements and mutual recognition. This article presents state of the art of conformity assessment and tries to look for the future challenges of development of conformity assessment and accreditation. It is still the crucial point that market players develop a common understanding of the requirements that have to be fulfilled. On markets where free movement of goods and services is possible, another challenge is how to obtain the maximum benefits from harmonisation of standards and accredited conformity assessment activities.
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Achieving and assessing conformity with standards and compliance with various sets of requirements generates significant costs for contemporary economies. Great deal of this is spent on fulfilment of safety and security requirements. However, standards application is not supported sufficiently by the tools available on the market. Therefore, Standards Conformity Framework (SCF) containing methods and tools which provide support for application of standards was proposed. The framework is based on trust case methodology being used to provide arguments demonstrating properties of IT systems. The article describes SCF and shows how it fits into the processes of achieving and assessing conformity. It identifies other methods and tools supporting standards application and compares them with the framework.
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This paper presents the actual status of Ada Conformity Assessments after the transition of Ada Conformity Assessments from the Ada Joint Program Office to ISO. The principles of Ada Conformity Assessments according to the ISO/IEE Final Committee Draft 18009 are summarized and the commonalties and differences to the previous practices are discussed. In the main part of the work conformity assessments for Ada C, C++, and Java are compared. It is shown that the process as practiced with Ada is unique compared to other programming languages. This can be understood by looking at the special culture of the language Ada and its validation system. Both were sponsored by one single party (the US DoD) and not the IT industry. The paper concludes with an assessment and outlook on the future development on compiler conformity assessments in general.
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This Section explains how standardization and conformity assessment work in practice and describes the relevant characteristics of standardization and conformity assessment infrastructures in various regions of the world. It starts with a discussion of the standardization process and considers where standardization takes place, how it is organized and who participates in the process. Subsection 2 discusses the organization of conformity assessment at the international, regional and national levels and describes the ways in which conformity assessment requirements may impact on trade.
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Measurement uncertainty influences conformance assessment and hence statements on the conformity of products. An international draft guide on conformance testing and measurement uncertainty specifies for production purposes how to proceed if a quantification of this influence is needed. In this contribution the methods of this document are applied to conformity assessment. The study is based on the world-market products wire screen and woven wire cloth specified in international standards. The conclusion is that in principle the methods in the draft guide are well applicable to this group of products both for conformity and for conformance assessment. Only some provisions for the probability density of measurement results had to be changed. The overall-results are realistic when the procedures given are adapted to the specific purposes under investigation.
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The article presents an analysis of the new rules for conformity assessment of products. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the directions of international cooperation are confirmed in the objectives and principles of conformity assessment, which corresponds to the national interests of the country. This is enshrined in the new Food Security Doctrine, which is aimed at the export of goods.
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The conformity assessment takes a prominent role in the modern world of globalised trade. Currently, it is increasingly common for the creation of technical barriers to prevent access of products to markets. The study of the model adopted by the European Union for conformity assessment and comparison with the Brazilian model shows several points in common between them. The Brazilian model, as well as the European, adopted for the conformity assessment, the methodologies and theoretical principles of enshrined in international normative documents. The backbone of the Brazilian does not differ much from the European model. The technical and conceptual bases of the Brazilian system, as well as in the European system, are those established and practiced internationally. The differences lie mainly in the implementation. The study carried out here indicates the need for adjustments to make the Brazilian model more efficient and able to achieve the purposes proposed.
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Abstract The article presents a methodical approach to conformity assessment related to the introduction, putting into service on the European market of electrical or electrotechnical products. The developed methodology can be an effective control tool, allowing to assess whether all activities within the conformity assessment performed by the manufacturer have been carried out. The aim of the study is to present the possibility of adapting the developed methodology of approach to the assessment of compliance with the essential requirements in industrial conditions. In the case of the industry being analyzed, the basis for conformity assessment is the requirements set out in the New Approach Directives. The essential requirements set out in New Approach Directives must be met if the product is placed on the market or putting into service. The article presents the implementation of the conformity assessment process based on harmonized standards with the directives related to the product in question. The application of harmonized standards in the conformity assessment process allowed the manufacturer to use the so-called principles of presumption of conformity, referred to in the Act on conformity assessment systems and market surveillance.
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METHOD OF CALCULATING UNCERTAINTY OF MEASUREMENT TAKING INTO ACCOUNT RECOMMENDATIONS ILAC-G8:09/2019
It is developed a methodology and software product for calculating measurement uncertainty, as well as rules for conformity assessment bodies on making decisions and conclusions concerning compliance of conformity assessment objects with the requirements stated by the regulation, which enables the conformity assessment bodies to perform necessary calculations of measurement uncertainty and eliminate problematic issues which arise during the conformity assessment due to disparity in the requirements of regulatory documents.
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