III. Variation in plant viruses: The distribution of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus serotypes
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ABSTRACT Prunus necrotic ringspot and apple mosaic viruses have been described separately but they are distantly related serologically and intermediate strains occur in hop and rose. They may therefore be regarded as type strains of two serotypic groups of a single virus ( Prunus necrotic ringspot virus which was the first to be described). The host range of both serotypes is wide, mostly amongst woody plants and there have long been recurring difficulties of diagnosis based on symptoms produced in woody or herbaceous indicator plants. These problems have been overcome by the application of enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay which provides a rapid and convenient means of detecting and serotyping the various strains encountered.Keywords:
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Invasive group B streptococcal (GBS) infection is a major health problem among infants and adults. The formulation of GBS vaccines depends on knowledge of the GBS serotype distribution. Serotype V GBS infection appears to have recently emerged, suggesting that the serotype distribution changes over time. GBS isolates from 210 pediatric patients, 23 pregnant women, and 314 nonpregnant adults with invasive infection in Maryland were studied. The predominant serotypes from infants with early-onset disease were as follows: serotype III, 38% of isolates; serotype Ia, 36%; serotype V, 13%; and serotype II, 11%. Although the majority (60%) of isolates among infants with late-onset infection were serotype III, serotype Ia (23%) was also common. The predominant serotype among isolates from nonpregnant adult patients was serotype V, accounting for 29% of the isolates. The serotype distribution differs between pediatric patients and adults and is changing over time. The inclusion of a relatively small number of serotypes in a GBS vaccine could provide protection against the vast majority of isolates.
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Enzyme activity,membrane thermostability and thermal stability albumen were studied by collecting leafes of 5 varieties of Prunus mume in May,July and September,2010.The results showed that Prunus mume 'Taohong Gongfen' and Prunus mume 'Wanxing Gongfen' had stronger thermal resistance ability during the high temperature in summer,secondly was Prunus mume 'Meiren Mei',while Prunus mume 'Jiangnan Zhusha'and Prunus mume 'Taige Zhusha'was relatively weaker.Chlorophyll content of different varieties of Prunus mume were inordinately degradated during the high temperature in summer,of which amplitude of chlorophyll content of Prunus mume 'Taohong Gongfen' were relatively small,and that of Prunus mume 'Meiren Mei'were relatively large;Malonyl dialdehyde(MDA) activity of 5 varieties of Prunus mume dropped but Prunus mume 'Meiren Mei' rised at first and lowered later,superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity lowered at first and rised later,and peroxidase(POD) activities decreased on the whole;Conductivity of membrane thermostability(thermal stability) increased and then decreased,and thermal stability albumen content basically decreased.
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This paper presents the results of the first survey for Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) on nectarine ( Prunus persica ) in India, where stone fruits are grown on a commercial scale. Using basic diagnostic techniques such as ELISA and RT‐PCR, the occurrence of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus is reported for the first time on nectarine ( Prunus persica ) in India.
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There are many crops and flowers data in the herbaceous part of Chu xue-ji.The herbaceous part mainly quotes the Confucian classics and corpus.Logicality lies in the data of the herbaceous parts and there are correlations among three styles.The data of the herbaceous part highly possess historical value and we can summarize some era characteristics of Tang in the part.
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Prunus dulcis
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Prunus dulcis
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This chapter focuses on the distinguishing features of both herbaceous plants and geophytes, different spatial arrangements used to plant herbaceous specimens in contemporary landscapes, the importance of factors that contribute to plant robustness or resilience when selecting herbaceous and geophyte genotypes and susceptibility of many herbaceous plants to mollusc damage. The different plant/pot sizes that might be used in a contracted planting of herbaceous species, ideal soil conditions for planting herbaceous species and geophytes and the importance of controlling weeds in herbaceous plant communities are also discussed.
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