A time-dependent model to determine the thermal conductivity of a nanofluid
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Thermal conductivity measurement
Heat equation
Thermal transmittance
Mass diffusivity
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The present research reports nanofluid effective thermal conductivity enhancements (ETCE) using an accurate transient short hot wire method system. Preparation of nanofluids was carried out through a two-step method with highly powered pulses similar to that for nanoparticle dispersion in base fluids. Parameters affecting nanofluid heat conductivity such as concentration, sizes, and material of nanoparticleş type of base fluid, temperature, ultrasonic mixing time, and elapsed time after preparation were studied. In the present study, nanoparticles of Al, Al2O3, CuO, SnO2, TiO2, and SiO2 with base fluids of water and ethylene glycol were used. Parameters like concentration, size, temperature, and the type of base fluid showed more noticeable effect on the effective thermal conductivity than the others, and mixing time had the least effect. The results showed that any increase in concentration and temperature, and also any decrease in size of nanoparticles and time elapsed after nanofluid preparation, leads to the ETCE of the nanofluid. However, the effects of nanoparticle material, base fluid, and mixing time on thermal conductivity of the nanofluid showed varying trends. Last, a number of mathematical models for prediction of thermal conductivity of nanofluids were applied.
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By using copper oxide nanofluid fabricated by the self-made Submerged Arc Nanofluid Synthesis System (SANSS), this paper measures the thermal conductivity under different volume fractions and different temperatures by thermal properties analyzer, and analyzes the correlation among the thermal conductivity, volume fraction, and temperature of nanofluid. The CuO nanoparticles used in the experiment are needle-like, with a mean particle size of about 30 nm. They can be stably suspended in deionized water for a long time. The experimental results show that under the condition that the temperature is 40 degrees C, when the volume fraction of nanofluid increases from 0.2% to 0.8%, the thermal conductivity increment of the prepared nanofluid towards deionized water can be increased from 14.7% to 38.2%. Under the condition that the volume fraction is 0.8%, as the temperature of nanofluid rises from 5 degrees C to 40 degrees C, the thermal conductivity increment of the prepared nanofluid towards deionized water increases from 5.9% to 38.2%. Besides, the effects of temperature change are greater than the effects of volume fraction on the thermal conductivity of nanofluid. Therefore, when the self-made copper oxide nanofluid is applied to the heat exchange device under medium and high temperature, an optimal radiation effect can be acquired.
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A brand new thermal diffusivity measurement method was developed. In this new noncontact and absolute measurement method, thermal diffusivity was measured from infrared movie data. The model of one-dimensional thermal conduction was constructed by taking into account the thermal flow other than one-dimensional thermal conduction in the sample. On the basis of this thermal conduction model, the analytical equation for calculating thermal diffusivity was derived. A single-crystal sapphire plate was used as a test specimen for the new method. The test specimen was arranged to cause one-dimensional heat conduction. Infrared movies were taken by using an infrared camera at room temperature. Then, thermal diffusivity was numerically calculated from the acquired movie data using the analytical equation. It was experimentally demonstrated that thermal diffusivity was measured with an accuracy of around 10% error, from an infrared movie of a single-crystal sapphire sample.
Laser flash analysis
Thermal conductivity measurement
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Anisotropic solids possess thermal conductivities ranging from among the highest found in nature, as in the in-plane thermal conductivity of graphite, to the lowest, as in the cross-plane thermal conductivity of disordered layered crystals. Though these extremes of thermal conductivity make anisotropic materials attractive for diverse applications such as thermal management and thermal insulation, the microscopic physics of heat conduction in these materials remain poorly understood. In this review article, we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of thermal phonon transport in anisotropic solids obtained using new theoretical, computational, and experimental tools.
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