Cytokinins in two cultivated edible mushrooms
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Zeatin
Agaricus bisporus
Chemistry, Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS Allahabad.The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with an objective of to study the growth, yield and nutrition content of mushroom with physical and chemical properties of soil which was used as growing of mushroom.There was 14 treatments combination replicated thrice.The different treatments were allocated randomly in each replication.Both the Mushroom varieties grown in 100% straw gave the significant maximum height, weight and width.Combination of 25% Soil + 75% Paddy Straw + Oyster Mushroom recorded significant maximum height, weight and width of mushroom.Treatment T 12 (@ 25% Soil Science Soil + @ 75% Paddy Straw + Oyster Mushroom) was found to be at par with T 2 (Paddy Straw @100% + Oyster Mushroom) in height, weight and width of mushroom.All the soil parameters viz., Bulk density (g cm -3 ), Particle density (g cm -3 ), Pore space (%), Water holding capacity (%), Organic carbon (%), Available Nitrogen (kg ha -1 ), Available Phosphorus (kg ha -1 ) and Available Potassium (kg ha -1 ) was also recorded maximum in treatment T 12 .
Agaricus bisporus
Pleurotus ostreatus
Agaricus
Pleurotus
Edible mushroom
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Agaricus bisporus
Agaricus
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Agaricus bisporus
Edible mushroom
Agaricus
Ames test
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Agaricus bisporus
Agaricus
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Agaricus bisporus
Agaricus
Medical microbiology
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Fruiting of Button mushroom ( Agaricus bisporus ) requires a casing layer that possesses specific physicochemical characteristics and hence, encourages the initiation of fruiting bodies. The experiment was conducted in order to investigate the agronomic performance of different casing materials including Swat peat, Abbottabad peat, spent mushroom compost, common soil and 45cm deep soil. Maximum pH, moisture and nitrogen contents were observed in Abbottabad peat-1. Besides this, time for appearance of fruiting bodies and accomplishment of oncoming harvesting stage was also lowest in peat-I. Yield attributes specifically number of mature fruiting bodies and their weight were also found significant in Abbottabad peat- 2. This research will be supportive for mushroom growers to choose the appropriate casing material for improving growth and yield of button mushroom.
Agaricus bisporus
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In the present study, a thin-layer drying kinetics of Agaricus bisporus mushroom was experimentally investigated in convective dryer.Experiments were performed at air temperatures of 35 • C, 45 • C, and 55 • C and constant air velocity of 2 m s -1 .In order to select a suitable form of the drying curve, 11 different mathematical models were fitted to experimental data.The high values of coefficient of determination (R 2 ) and the low values of reduced chi-square (χ 2 ) and root mean square error (RM SE) indicated that the Modified Henderson and Pabis model could satisfactorily illustrate the drying curve of Agaricus bisporus mushroom.The Modified Henderson and Pabis model had the highest value of R 2 (0.9990), the lowest χ 2 (0.0001) and RM SE (0.0092).Fick's second law was used to calculate the effective moisture diffusivity.The moisture diffusion coefficient varied between 1.4970×10 -8 and 2.7222×10 -8 m 2 s -1 for the given temperature range and corresponding activation energy was 25.1648 kJ mol -1 .
Agaricus bisporus
Agaricus
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The research was conducted in a mushroom growing facility located near Rzeszów, consisting of three production cycles. The number and composition of microorganisms which accompany the mushroom cultivation depended on the healthiness of: the compost, casing and spawn of <i>Agaricus bisporus</i>. The presence of pathogenic fungi in the cultivation halls at the beginning of the production cycle is a serious threat to the cultivation of common mushroom because their rapid development shortens the span of fruiting body harvests.
Agaricus bisporus
Spawn (biology)
Agaricus
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Mushrooms have been used by humans for millennia.The commonly cultivated mushrooms include Agaricus, Lentinus, Flammulina, Pleurotusand Volvariella.In India, Button mushroom (Agaricusbisporus)is the most commonly cultivated mushroom followed by Pleurotus (Shah et al., 2013).Mushrooms are mainly subjected to bacterial, fungal and viral diseases.The production of fruiting bodies is severely afflicted by fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens that can cause diseases which have an effect on yield and quality (Potocnik et al., 2008).Improper pasteurization of compost and casing soil can be the major source of diseases.Once the disease is introduced in the farm it can be carried out by the different agencies like air, water, machines and workers (Munshi et al., 2010).Fungal diseases commonly occurring in white button mushrooms include dry bubble (Verticillium spp.), cobweb (Cladobotryumspp.),green mould in compost (Trichoderma harzianum) and green mould on casing (Trichoderma viride).Over the past two decades, green mould caused by T. aggressivum has been the most serious disease of button mushroom.Among bacterial diseases, bacterial blotch (Pseudomonas tolaasii) is most common disease of white button mushrooms.Dieback is the most commonly occurring viral disease which is caused by various virus strains (Gupta et al., 2018).These diseases are a major threat to the mushroom industries worth millions as the losses due to these diseases may go up to 100%.Depending upon the stage and severity of the infection, quality of compost and the prevailing environmental conditions, these diseases often cause complete crop failure (Munshi et al., 2010).Considerable losses in cultivation process occur due to lower productivity, decrease in quality and shortened shelf-life.Moreover, mushroom cultivation with its rapidity of cropping makes a suitable environment for augmentation of pathogen inoculum and thus makes its control more difficult (Todorovic et al., 2012).
Agaricus bisporus
Agaricus
Mushroom poisoning
White (mutation)
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