Molten carbonate fuel cell power generation systems
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As part of the EU integrated project CASRTOR, a 1 CO 2 absorption pilot plant has been erected at the 400 MW coal-fired Esbierg power plant. The main purpose of the pilot plant is to demonstrate the post-combustion capture technology in conjunction with a coal-fired power plant. In January-February 2006, a 1000 hours test compaign on a conventional solvent, 30%-weight MEA solution, was conducted at the pilot plant. This paper summarises the initial operation experience and some of the first results obtained during the 1000 hours MEA campaign
Pilot test
Coal fired
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In 2007 RWE Power, BASF and Linde entered into a cooperation to develop an optimized post combustion capture technology for power plants. In mid-2009 a CO2 capture pilot plant will be commissioned at RWE Power's lignite-fired power plant at Niederaussem, Germany. The pilot plant comprises all significant components of a large post combustion capture plant but on a smaller scale. Some capture process optimization measures are implemented that should increase the overall efficiency and reduce the costs of a commercial capture plant. The design of the pilot plant - engineering, procurement and construction by Linde - allows testing the performance and stability of optimized CO2 solvents, which BASF is currently developing. On the basis of an elaborated solvent selection methodology (pre-selection, screening, etc.) comprehensive experiments are carried out in order to examine solvent performance, and some measures for the optimization of the process configuration are developed. The 18-month pilot plant testing programme will allow the performance of the optimized solvent and the process to be evaluated.
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Chemical-Looping Combustion
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Scale-up
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As part of the EU project CASTOR, a 1 t/h CO2 absorption pilot plant has been erected at Esbjergværket (Esbjerg power station) in Denmark. The main purpose of the pilot plant is to demonstrate the post combustion capture technology in conjunction with a coal-fired power station. Additionally, the pilot plant has been used to test the performance of new energy efficient solvents and to validate modelling work. The pilot plant operates on a slipstream of flue gas from the power plant without any further pre- treatment. During the CASTOR project, four 1000-hours test campaigns have been conducted at the facility using conventional solvent, 30%-weight MEA as well as two novel amine-based solvents, CASTOR 1 and CASTOR 2. Among others, the test campaigns consisted of parameter variation tests and longer periods of continuous operation. This paper summarises the operation experience and some of the results obtained during the CASTOR project.
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As a part of the strategic research program "Advanced technologies for energy generation: Development of a technology for highly efficient zero-emission coal-fired power units integrated with CO2 capture", a mobile CO2 absorption pilot plant was erected. The main purpose of the pilot plant was to demonstrate the post-combustion technology in conjunction with a coal-fired power plant. The pilot plant captured CO2 by chemical absorption in amine-based solvents, which was considered to be the best adapted technology to the requirements of coal-fired power plants and suitable for retrofitting to existing units. The pilot plant captured up to 1000 kg/day of CO2 from the power plant's flue gases with CO2 recovery exceeding 90 %. The flexible process flowsheet of the pilot plant offered high potential for the validation of various improvements, which were designed to reduce the process energy demand and to increase the CO2 recovery. This paper summarizes the initial operation experience at the TAURON Łaziska Power Plant in Poland. Selected first results obtained are presented and discussed. The initial campaigns utilized 20 and 30 wt% monoethanolamine (MEA) solutions recognized as baseline solvents that were suitable for comparative purposes. The initial campaigns at the pilot plant successfully demonstrated reliable operation and promising results.
Retrofitting
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As part of the development cooperation of RWE Power, BASF and Linde - aiming at an advanced optimised CO2-scrubbing technology for power plant application - the first post-combustion capture pilot plant in Germany was constructed and commissioned at the lignite-fired 1,000 MW Niederaussem power station in 2009. The pre-assembly of the pilot plant started in October 2008 and commissioning took place in July 2009 as planned. 7.2 t of CO2 per day can be captured from a flue gas slipstream of the power plant downstream of the desulphurisation plant (FGD). The pilot plant comprises optimised components such as a flue gas pre-scrubbing direct contact cooler unit as well as a lean liquid cooler and an interstage cooler that both allow returning the solvent at different absorber heights. During a 6-month campaign, all aspects of the optimised process configuration were tested using 30%-weight MEA as benchmark solvent and the performance of a new advanced amine-based solvent developed by BASF was trialled. This paper summarises the operational experience gained and compares some of the results obtained for MEA with those of the new amine-based solvent.
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Abstract The CSIRO is involved in three CO 2 capture pilot plants operating at different coal‐fired power stations throughout Australia. The most recently completed of these is the Tarong CO 2 capture pilot plant located at Tarong power station, Nanango, Queensland. The first phase of the experimental program with this pilot plant included operation with monoethanolamine (MEA). This involved parametric studies, process modifications, and finally implementation of 24 h operation. Operation of the pilot plant has shown MEA to be effective in capturing CO 2 from the flue gas from Tarong Power Station. CO 2 capture efficiencies of up to 94%, and regeneration energies as low as 3.6 MJ/kgCO 2 have been achieved. The design of the pilot plant was completed using a commercially available process modeling software tool. Results obtained from the pilot plant were then compared to the model predictions including temperature, solvent CO 2 loading, and CO 2 gas concentration profiles through the absorber column. A good match has been obtained between the modeling and pilot plant data, verifying the software can be used to predict the performance of the pilot plant when operating on MEA. During this project, the rich‐split process modification was also evaluated. The results suggest that the rich‐split modification can achieve some reduction in reboiler duty and a considerable reduction in the condenser duty. The amount of reduction is dependent on plant design, particularly the efficiency of the lean/rich heat exchanger. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
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Condenser (optics)
Process Simulation
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Institute for Chemical Processing of Coal in cooperation with industrial partners: TAURON Polska Energia S.A. and TAURON Wytwarzanie S.A. designed, constructed and operated pilot plant at Łaziska Power Plant in Łaziska Górne, Poland. The carbon capture facility is based on amine post-combustion process technology and used 30 wt% aqueous ethanolamine solvent. Approximately 1000 kilograms of CO2 can be captured per day from flue gas stream of 200 m3/h of a 225MWe hard coal fired boiler. The plant captured its first tonne of CO2 in August 2013. The purpose of this study is to present initial results from tests carried out at Łaziska Power Plant using different process flow sheets: heat-integrated stripping column and split flow process. The tests provide valuable experimental evidence for modifications described in the literature, mainly through modelling and demonstrate that flow sheet modifications, despite the increase in plant complexity, are worth to consider.
Tonne
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A precipitating potassium carbonate (K2CO3)-based solvent absorption process has been developed by the Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies (CO2CRC) for capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) from industrial sources, such as power plant flue gases. Demonstration of this process is underway using both a laboratory-based pilot plant located at The University of Melbourne and an industrial pilot plant located at the Hazelwood Power Station in Victoria, Australia. The laboratory-scale pilot plant has been designed to capture 4–10 kg/h CO2 from an air/CO2 feed gas rate of 30–55 kg/h. The power-station-based pilot plant has been designed to capture up to 1 tonne/day CO2 from the flue gas of a brown-coal-fired power station. In this paper, results from trials using concentrated potassium carbonate (20–40 wt %) solvent are presented for both pilot plants. Performance data (including pressure drop, holdup, solvent loadings, temperature profile, and CO2 removal efficiency) have been collected from each plant and presented for a range of operating conditions. Plant data for the laboratory-scale pilot plant (including temperature profiles, solvent loadings, and exit gas CO2 concentrations) have been used to validate and further develop Aspen Plus simulations, in anticipation of further work involving precipitation and the industry-based pilot plant.
Potassium carbonate
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CSIRO and Delta Electricity have jointly constructed an A$5 million research scale Post Combustion Capture (PCC) pilot plant at the Munmorah black coal fired power station. The results from the pilot plant trials will be used to assess the potential of using aqueous ammonia solution to capture CO2 and other acid components such as SOx and NOx from coal fired power plants under Australian conditions. This paper reports and discusses the experimental results obtained from the pilot plant trials.
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