<i>Fusarium</i> Infection with Unusual Skin Lesions in a Patient with Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
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A 27-year-old woman with acute lymphocytic leukemia developed red painful skin lesions, asymmetrically distributed over the face and extremities. They gradually increased in size and number, and in the center of each lesion blisters appeared followed by central necrosis with surrounding erythema. In several lesions the central necrosis was covered with a white powder shown to be fungal mycelium. Cultures from skin lesions and blood showed a Fusarium species. The skin lesions are helpful in recognizing this deep fungal infection in an immunocompromised host.Keywords:
Erythema
Blisters
Skin lesion
Acute lymphocytic leukemia
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The degradation of ZrN films deposited onto Si substrates by unbalanced magnetron sputtering was investigated over temperatures of 300–1200°C in different atmospheres by analyzing changes in color and appearance, as well as microstructures. The atmospheres contained air, nitrogen, and forming gas (N2∕H2=9), which exhibited drastically different oxygen/nitrogen partial pressure ratios. The resultant degradation included mainly color changes and formation of blisters on the film surface. Color change was associated with the oxidation of the nitride film, which was analyzed by looking into the Gibbs free-energy changes at various temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. Two types of blisters occurred at different temperature ranges. Several large round blisters, denoted as A-type blisters, occurring at low temperatures originated from the large residual stress in the films. Many small irregular blisters, denoted as B-type blisters, appearing at relatively high temperatures resulted from the oxidation of the film.
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Degradation
Partial pressure
Cavity magnetron
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• An unusual annular and arciform erythema in an infant is reported. Skin lesions appeared when the child was 4 days old, and multiple lesions have been present during the subsequent two years. Individual lesions gradually enlarge over a period of a few weeks, and they resolve spontaneously without any residual cutaneous abnormality. This annular erythema is clinically and histologically distinct from previously described annular erythemas of infancy, with which it is compared. (Arch Dermatol1987;123:510-513)
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Abnormality
Skin lesion
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The common presence of the wire blisters in fire indicates that the wire was exposed to fire. Yet current overload happening before fire also causes some wire blisters. Most trace evidences on the wire from fire are required to examine melted blisters marks of the wire. Thus, it is critical to clearly identify and determine the differences between blisters merely exposure to fire and current overload for fire investigators. Two fire scenarios, fire heating and overcurrent, and 2.5 mm 2 multi-cores copper wires were selected by this paper to make blisters. Then, the identification technology of blisters was studied. The experimental results suggested that the external appearance and metallographic structure taken on by blisters were not the precise evidences to identify whether blisters are merely exposed to fire or overcurrent. Therefore, the metallographical method of polarized light was used to analyse Cu 2 O content in blisters. Besides, such content was used to accurately identify two kinds of blisters. The content of Cu 2 O of the overcurrent blisters was larger than that of the fire heating blisters notably.
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Overcurrent
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It is said that the blister of Al-sheets are caused by gass involved in slabs which expands when annealed and appears as blisters, and it has been beleived that this gas is contained in molton aluminium at melting, which consists almost of H2-gass. It is however, cleared by investigating the shapes, the sizes and the time of their appearance that they are caused not so simply and their constituents is rather complicated. Cutting out the blister and examining it by electron difraction. I recognized the rays of graphite, Al2O3, Al, respectively according the kinds of blisters, and that graphite, oil, air, and H2-gass can also be considered as the causes of blisters.Further, I tried statistic control analysis based on the data of practical operation in order to investigate the factors of causes of blisters, and noted that pre-heating of slabs before hot-rolling has great influence on blisters. It is also studied that, when annealing sheets, if the temperature is below about 420°C it has no influence on number of blisters or size of blisters, indefferently to the time and degree of temperature of annealing. And when it is above 425°C. blisters increase by great degree.By analysing blisters it is noted that blister contains more volume of Si than the other parts do.There are two steps in a process of blister's appearance, at first they appears at low temperature and secondly at the temperature more than about 425°C.
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Clearance
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Objective To explore the developed changes of the bacteria count within the blisters in the earlier burn period and determine the best occasion of clearing the blisters and drain blister fluid.Methods 52 burn wound blisters were collected and bacteria count within the blisters was measured.The changes of bacteria cound within the blisters were observed.Results The bacteria were not discovered in the first 1～2 day.After then the bacteria count increased gradually.In the 6 th～7 th day the bacteria count reached to 105CFU/ml.The kinds of bacteria were mainly pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus.Conclusion During the earlier period postburn the bacteria count within the blisters grows up gradually.Bacteria are mainly pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus.The 6 th～7 th day postburn is the best occasion of clearing the blisters and drain blister liquid.
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We report on the mechanisms of hydrogen-induced blistering of multilayer coatings. Blister formation is a result of highly localized delamination occurring at the two outermost metal-on-silicon interfaces. The number, size, and type of blisters formed varied depending on the composition and ion energy of the incident flux. The results are explained in terms of the multilayer structure being simultaneously susceptible to blistering via two independent mechanisms. A high density of small blisters developed when relatively energetic (several 100 eV) ions were present. Independently, a hydrogenation process that was facilitated by the presence of a small flux of low energy ions (≤50 eV) induced a low density of large blisters.
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Delamination
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Self-inflicted skin lesions (pathomimia, artefacts) can be produced in a variety of ways, by the help of nails, razor blades, cigarettes, chemicals, etc. The present study reports three cases of pathomimia, in which the lesions consisted of vesicles or bullae producted by friction. Friction blisters can easily be produced in sites where the epidermis is both thick and firmly attached to the underlying tissues. The blisters have a characteristic histological appearance, which makes it possible to distinguish them from the blisters of different forms of vesicular and bullous diseases and from burn blisters which may also occur in pathomimia.
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Epidermis (zoology)
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Studies were made on the blisters which appear on the plated surface of zinc alloy die castings after several months more since the plating. The processes for accelerating the appearance of these blisters were also discussed. The following results were obtained(1) Each blister had a circular gap of 30-40μ in dia. at its centre, from which cracks radiated.(2) Growth of blisters was due to the corrosion of the substratum of zinc alloy.(3) For accelerating the appearance of blisters, it was found to be most effective to immerse the castings in the solution of about 3% of NH4Cl in boiling.(4) The blisters appeared in the above test were considered to be the same in nature as that in practice. Accordingly, the above test would be most available for detecting the surface defects for blistering source.
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Plating (geology)
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When studying surface nanobubbles on film-coated substrates, a class of bubble-like domains called blisters are probably forming at the solid-liquid interface together with nanobubbles. This may easily lead to a misunderstanding of the characteristics and applications of surface nanobubbles and thus continue to cause problems within the nanobubble community. Therefore, how to distinguish surface nanobubbles from blisters is a problem. Herein, the morphology and properties of blisters are investigated on both smooth and nanopitted polystyrene (PS) films in degassed water. The morphology and contact angle of blisters are similar to those of surface nanobubbles. However, blisters were observed to be punctured under the tip-blister interaction and be torn broken by an atomic force microscope tip during the process of scanning. At the same time, nanopits on the surface of blisters that formed on a pitted PS film can be seen clearly. These provide direct and visual evidence for distinguishing blisters from surface nanobubbles. In addition, surface nanobubbles and blisters on smooth and pitted PS films in air-equilibrated water are studied. No punctured surface nanobubble was observed, and the force curves obtained on surface nanobubbles and the change in height of blisters and surface nanobubbles under a large scanning force show that surface nanobubbles are much softer than blisters.
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