Response of the cubital vein to occlusion and calcification of the abdominal aorta in patients with chronic renal failure on maintenance hemodialysis
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Abdominal aorta
Abdominal aorta
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The objective of the study is to discuss the differences of blood cell parameters in rat by different sampling ways. Blood cells collected from abdominal aorta, orbitalis vein, jugular aorta and tail vein of 46 healthy rats were detected by ABBOTT CD-3700sl Automatic Hematology Analyzer. The parameters of WBC, RBC, Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC and PLT from different sampling ways were analyzed and compared with those from abdominal aorta using paired t test. The results were as follows: all the parameters in tail vein group and orbital vein group were significantly higher than those in abdominal aorta group ( P 0.01), except MCV. While only the WBC in jugular aorta group was different from that in abdominal aorta group ( P 0.05). As to complete blood cell, orbital vein and tail vein were significantly different from abdominal aorta, but the difference was minor between jugular aorta and abdominal aorta. In a word, blood sampling ways would have effect on CBC. So each laboratory should set up own data base to construct consistent background.
Abdominal aorta
Jugular vein
Blood sampling
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The study was performed on 18 sections of the aneurysm-like abdominal aorta sampled during elective procedures of aneurysm correction in humans, and 10 sections of pig abdominal aorta. We examined the extent to which the presence of atherosclerotic plaque impaired the aorta contractile function and measured the thickness and weight of atherosclerosis plaque and arterial wall. We observed reduced tissue response to adrenaline in human aneurysm-like aorta in comparison to the control group. In the sections of human aorta devoid of atherosclerotic plaque the response to adrenaline was about 30% higher than in those with atherosclerotic changes but 35% lower than in normal aorta sections from pigs. The wall of aneurysm-like human aorta sections was thinner when compared to normal aorta.
Abdominal aorta
Contractility
Arterial wall
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Objective:To evaluate the effects of individualized hemodialysis on lowering the hemodialysis complications.Methods:All together312times of hemodialysis in20chronic renal failure patients were investiˉgated.The clinical effects of two different dialysis methods which included routine dialysis and individualized dialysis were compared.Results:There were a few influences on plasma osmotic pressure and serum natrium in individualized hemodialysis group with good effects and fewer complications.Conclusion:Individualized dialysis could effectively prevent the dialysis complications,promote the dialysis quality together with ensuring the dialysis effects.
Chronic renal failure
Dialysis adequacy
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The study was carried out on 10 swine of 20-30 kg body weight. Five animals were assigned to each of 2 groups. An aneurysm of the abdominal aorta was created experimentally in animals from the first and second study group. After 4 weeks, animals from the second group were subject to aneurysm repair using an aortic prosthesis. During the experiment, we measured the myoelectric activity of the muscular layer of the abdominal aorta and aneurysmal lesion with the ultrasonographic technique. Measurements of the aorta and aneurysmal lesion and histopathological analyses were carried out post-mortem. We found a statistically significant decrease in the myoelectric activity of the aorta on the aorta-straight prosthesis interface and a significant decrease in the thickness of the muscular layer of the aorta on the aorta-prosthesis interface. No similar changes were found for experimentally induced aneurysms of the abdominal aorta. A straight prosthesis graft may not be the perfect option in the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm, as it contributes to the remodelling of the tissue on the prosthesis-aorta interface. This may result in the relapse of an aneurysm and post-operative complications.
Abdominal aorta
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Objective:To compare and analyze the imaging features of pulmonary sequestration(PS)supplied by thoracic aorta and supplied by abdominal aorta.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed in 23 patients with PS confirmed by pathology after operation and the CT images were comparatively analyzed according to the source of blood supply.Results:Of the 23 patients with PS,16 cases were supplied by thoracic aorta and 7of them had two supplying arteries,7cases were supplied by abdominal aorta.The lesions appeared as mass with soft tissue density in 21 cases.One case supplied by thoracic aorta showed cystic heterogeneous density.In one case supplied by thoracic aorta,focal thick vessel was shown.The average diameter and length of the supplying arteries from thoracic aorta were(4.8±2.2)mm and(37±12)mm respectively,while these from abdominal aorta were(3.3±0.5)mm and(104±42)mm respectively.The length of supplying arteries and volume of sequestrated lung tissues supplied by thoracic aorta were smaller than those supplied by abdominal aorta(P0.001).Conclusion:PS supplied by thoracic and abdominal aorta share similar imaging features.The length of supplying arteries and the volume of sequestrated lung tissues supplied by thoracic aorta are different from those supplied by abdominal aorta.
Abdominal aorta
Thoracic aorta
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Aim of this study was to evaluate the aging of aorta with respect to atherosclerotic modifications: abdominal aorta echotomography is the preferred approach for this study. In 354 elderly patients, 65 and over, we have evaluated the diameter and the course of the aorta, the presence of atherosclerotic plaques in the aorta and iliac vessels, and the presence of aneurysms. Two kinds of findings could be identified by echotomography: age-related physiologic modifications, represented essentially by an increase of the aortic diameter; pathologic changes, characteristic for atherosclerosis, of which aneurysms are the most dangerous complications.
Abdominal aorta
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1. Injuries of the abdominal aorta in dogs may be corrected with subsequent perfect restoration of the continuity of the vessel. 2. The complete occlusion of the aorta for a period of 30 minutes is not necessarily followed by serious consequences. 3. In cases in which a portion of the aorta must be resected, an arterial segment taken from another animal can be safely utilized as a transplant. 4. While the reestablishment of the continuity of the severed aorta by the circular suture is possible, the approximation of the severed ends during the suture entails such injury that thrombosis frequently occurs. Therefore, when the aorta is completely severed, the introduction of a transplanted segment is indicated. 5. An arterial tube of increased caliber made of smaller vessels such as the carotid lends itself readily as a transplant to the severed aorta, with a reasonable assurance of reestablishing the continuity of this vessel. 6. Defects in the aorta can be readily corrected by the use of fascial transplants with a minimum danger of thrombosis.
Abdominal aorta
Endarterectomy
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For the purpose of clarifying the relationship between aortic calcification and several factors associated with uremia, aortic calcification was estimated in autopsied uremic patients as well as in uremic rats treated in 1, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1, 25D). Aortic calcification was evaluated by radiographic, pathologic and chemical studies in 28 patients on long-term homodialysis and in 11 non-uremic autopsied subjects as controls. Chest or abdominal X-ray showed the presence of aortic calcification in 48% of the hemodialyzed patients and 9% of the control subjects. Von Kossa staining of the aorta revealed positive tissue calcification in 43% of the hemodialyzed patients and in 18% of the control subjects. Calcium content of the aorta was increased in the hemodialyzed patients compared with the control subjects. Findings of aortic calcification in the hemodialyzed patients were correlated with their age and serum Ca x P products. In uremic rats, administration of 1, 25D increased serum Ca x P products and the calcium content of the aorta. On the other hand, treatment with Ca antagonist or magnesium inhibited elevation of the calcium content of the aorta induced by 1, 25D in the uremic rats. These results suggest that serum Ca x P product is a factor promoting aortic calcification and that calcium antagonist and magnesium may protect from the progression of aortic calcification in uremia.
Uremia
Abdominal aorta
Von Kossa stain
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In an attempt to clarify the role of risk factors in the development of arterial calcification in the aged, correlations between the aortic calcification and risk factors such as age, sex, degree of osteoporosis, hypertension, glucose tolerance, Ht, serum cholesterol and triglyceride were obtained by using analysis of variance.It was found that the correlation between the degree of osteoporosis and the aortic calcification was most prominent and the correlation coefficient between these two parameters was largest. These results demonstrate the intimate correlation between the aortic calcification and osteoporosis in the aged and further suggest the possibility that Ca is transferred from bone to the aorta with age.In order to prove the possible transfer of Ca from bone to the aorta with age, Ca45 content in the aorta before and after the administration of dihydrotachysterol was measured in rats, in which the whole skeleton was previously labelled with Ca45. Administration of dihydrotachysterol has been shown to develop an osteoporosis and aortic calcification in rats and it is considered as a model of premature aging. It was found that the aorta of rats treated with dihydrotachysterol contained substantial amount of Ca45, thus demonstrating the transfer of Ca45 from bone to the aorta.It is possible that with age Ca is transferred from the bone to the aorta.
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