Investigation of factors that affect cationic surfactant loading on activated carbon and perchlorate adsorption
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Perchlorate
Cationic polymerization
Cetylpyridinium chloride
Light scattering(LS) technique was employed to investigate the interaction between perchlorate and cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB). It was found that perchlorate could combine with CTAB in an acidic medium to form ionic associated compounds due to the electrostatic attraction,resulting in enhanced LS signals. It should be noted that anions such as Cl - ,Br - ,ClO 3- ,NO 3- and PO34 -can only induce weak LS signals when interacting with CTAB alone,but significant changes of LS signals can be observed once these anions coexist with perchlorate,indicating that coordinating effects exist. In order to dis- cuss the coordination mechanism,dynamic light scattering(DLS) measurements were further made with chlo- rate(Cl - ) as an example.
Perchlorate
Cationic polymerization
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Dodecylquinolinium bromide has been synthesized and the critical micelle concentrations of it in the aqueous solution have been determined by the measurement of the surface tension and the electrical conductance. The values are and 3.41 {\times} mole/l, respectively. Since dodecylquinolinium bromide has the larger hydrophobic group than dodecylpyridinium bromide, it is considered that the former has the smaller critical micelle concentration than the latter
Thermodynamics of micellization
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Cetylpyridinium chloride
Benzalkonium chloride
Ammonium bromide
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Cetylpyridinium chloride
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Objective To test the antibacterial effect of cetylpyridinium chloride on four periodontal pathogens. Methods Porphyromonas gingivalis( P. g ATCC33277),Prevotella intermedia( P. i ATCC25611), Actinnomyces viscosus( A. v ATCC19246) and Fusobacterium nucleatum( F. n ATCC10953) were selected. Argrose diffusion test was used and chlorhexidine served as control. The inhibitory effects of cetylpyridinium chloride were examined by testing minimal inhibitory concentration( MIC) and the diameter of inhibitory zone. Results The cetylpyridinium chloride 's inhibitory effect on the four bacterial strains was remarkable,but the difference in the inhibitory effects was not significant between cetylpyridinium chloride and chlorhexidine. Conclusion Cetylpyridinium chloride had same inhibitory effect on the four bacterial strains tested as chlorhexidine.
Cetylpyridinium chloride
Fusobacterium nucleatum
Prevotella intermedia
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Aggregation number
Hydrodynamic radius
Thermodynamics of micellization
Cationic polymerization
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Perchlorate
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Abstract Introduction COVID‐19 is a transmissible respiratory and multisystem disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Viral transmission occurs mainly through the spread of salivary droplets or aerosol from an infected subject. Studies suggest that salivary viral load is correlated with disease severity and probability of transmission. Cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwash has been found to be effective in reducing salivary viral load. The aim of this systematic review of randomized controlled trials is to evaluate the efficacy of the mouthwash ingredient cetylpyridinium chloride on salivary viral load in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Methods Randomized controlled trials comparing cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwash with placebo and other mouthwash ingredients in SARS‐CoV‐2 positive individuals were identified and evaluated. Results Six studies with a total of 301 patients that met the inclusion criteria were included. The studies reported the efficacy of cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwashes in reduction on SARS‐CoV‐2 salivary viral load compared to placebo and other mouthwash ingredients. Conclusion Mouthwashes containing cetylpyridinium chloride are effective against salivary viral load of SARS‐CoV‐2 in vivo. There is also the possibility that the use of mouthwash containing cetylpyridinium chloride in SARS‐CoV‐2 positive subjects could reduce transmissibility and severity of COVID‐19.
Cetylpyridinium chloride
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Biofilms of Streptococcus sanguis and planktonic cells of the organism were exposed to chlorhexidine gluconate and cetylpyridinium chloride, at concentrations used clinically, and survivors enumerated. S. sanguis exhibited a lower susceptibility to both antiseptics when it comprised a biofilm than when the organism was in the planktonic form. No viable bacteria were detectable after 5 min of exposure of planktonic cells to 0.2% (w/v) chlorhexidine gluconate or 0.05% (w/v) cetylpyridinium chloride, whereas viable bacteria survived in biofilms of S. sanguis even after exposure to these agents for 4 h. Older biofilms (7 days old) had similar susceptibilities to the antiseptics as younger biofilms (4 days old). Chlorhexidine achieved kills corresponding to approximately a 2 log 10 reduction in the viable count of biofilms, containing approximately 10 7 colony‐forming units after 5 min of incubation, whereas the corresponding kills achieved by cetylpyridinium chloride amounted to approximately a 1 log 10 reduction. However, on a molar basis, cetylpyridinium chloride was the more effective of the two antiseptics. Minimum inhibitory concentration determinations showed chlorhexidine gluconate to be more effective against S. sanguis than cetylpyridinium chloride. The results of this study have revealed that the minimum inhibitory concentration is not a reliable predictor of the relative effectiveness of antimicrobial agents against. S. sanguis biofilms.
Cetylpyridinium chloride
Chlorhexidine gluconate
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