Some characteristics of Al2O3- and CaO-modified LaFeO3-based cathode materials for solid oxide fuel cells
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Laboratory Directed Research & Development (LDRD) project entitled 'Potential Application of Microsensor Technology in Radioactive Waste Management with Emphasis on Headspace Gas Detection'. The objective of this project is to bridge the technical gap between the current status of microsensor development and the intended applications of these sensors in nuclear waste management. The major results are summarized below: {sm_bullet} A literature review was conducted on the regulatory requirements for headspace gas sampling/analysis in waste characterization and monitoring. The most relevant gaseous species and the related physiochemical environments were identified. It was found that preconcentrators might be needed in order for chemiresistor sensors to meet desired detection {sm_bullet} A long-term stability test was conducted for a polymer-based chemresistor sensor array. Significant drifts were observed over the time duration of one month. Such drifts should be taken into account for long-term in-situ monitoring. {sm_bullet} Several techniques were explored to improve the performance of sensor polymers. It has been demonstrated that freeze deposition of black carbon (CB)-polymer composite can effectively eliminate the so-called 'coffee ring' effect and lead to a desirable uniform distribution of CB particles in sensing polymer films. The optimal ratio of CB/polymer has been determined. UV irradiation has been shown to improve sensor sensitivity. {sm_bullet} From a large set of commercially available polymers, five polymers were selected to form a sensor array that was able to provide optimal responses to six target-volatile organic compounds (VOCs). A series of tests on the response of sensor array to various VOC concentrations have been performed. Linear sensor responses have been observed over the tested concentration ranges, although the responses over a whole concentration range are generally nonlinear. {sm_bullet} Inverse models have been developed for identifying individual VOCs based on sensor array responses. A linear solvation energy model is particularly promising for identifying an unknown VOC in a single-component system. It has been demonstrated that a sensor array as such we developed is able to discriminate waste containers for their total VOC concentrations and therefore can be used as screening tool for reducing the existing headspace gas sampling rate. {sm_bullet} Various VOC preconcentrators have been fabricated using Carboxen 1000 as an absorbent. Extensive tests have been conducted in order to obtain optimal configurations and parameter ranges for preconcentrator performance. It has been shown that use of preconcentrators can reduce the detection limits of chemiresistors by two orders of magnitude. The life span of preconcentrators under various physiochemical conditions has also been evaluated. {sm_bullet} The performance of Pd film-based H2 sensors in the presence of VOCs has been evaluated. The interference of sensor readings by VOC has been observed, which can be attributed to the interference of VOC with the H2-O2 reaction on the Pd alloy surface. This interference can be eliminated by coating a layer of silicon dioxide on sensing film surface. Our work has demonstrated a wide range of applications of gas microsensors in radioactive waste management. Such applications can potentially lead to a significant cost saving and risk reduction for waste characterization.
Solid fuel
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The UK DTI`s Advanced Fuel Cells Programme currently focuses on two main fuel cell technologies, namely the solid oxide and solid polymer systems (SOFC and SPFC), respectively. The provision of accurate and timely market data is regarded as an important part of the overall programme objectives, such as to assist both Government and industry in their appraisals of the technologies. The present study was therefore commissioned against this background, with a complementary study addressing transportation and mobile applications. The results reported herein relate to the stationary market applications potential of both SOFC and SPFC systems.
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This work explains the strategies for better understanding of the difference between conventional solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and electrolyte-layer free fuel cell (EFFC). Based on the devices performance conditions, it can be explained how both of the technologies are working in the same way while the internal mechanisms could be different. Mainly, this work will show the structural differences between the two devices.
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Ceramic fuel cells can be understood as fuel cells which use an oxide ceramic as an electrolyte. This chapter describes ceramic fuel cells and its role using a top-down approach, starting from a system point of view, followed by examples of recent application trends. Based on this, an overview on cell developments materials choice and processing is provided. An outlook is also provided on new concepts for ceramic fuel cells. The chapter provides an overview of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system development. Nowadays ceramic fuel cell focuses on the use of alternative energy carriers. This requires new cell and system concepts, as well as a need for alternative materials and electrocatalysts.
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Electrochemical energy conversion
Energy system
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This paper will review the area of interest in fuel cell, especially in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). This area of interest covers SOFC operational reaction, its advantages and limitations, type of cell structure and configuration, and the requirement of SOFC. The review also looks into the development and fabrication of a research towards low temperature SOFC. There is also a review made by professional organizations that contribute to the research on fuel cell both locally and globally.
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Cathode is an important part of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). The performance of cathode is very important for the performance of solid oxide fuel cell. Especially,it is crucial for the performance of low temperature SOFC. The interface resistance of cathode is about 70% -85% of overall resistance of cell. The ABO3 perovskite-type oxidate are common materials as cathode of SOFC. The structure characteristics of perovskite materials decide that the ABO3 perovskite-type oxidate is electro-ionic conductivity. The characteristics are suitable as cathode materials of SOFC. The review discussed the catalysis mechanism,fabricating methods and the performance of composite graded cathode currently under investigation for SOFC. It suggests that the performance of low temperature SOFC cathode will be enhanced by improving the micro structure of cathode.
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Solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC) characterized by its efficiency,cleanliness and solid structure was one kind of electrochemical device and one of the fastest developing technologies of the energy source.The progress of interconnect materials as the key part used for solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)are introduced.This paper especially emphasizes the component,properties and problems of the metallic interconnect materials(Fe-base,Ni-base,Cr-base) used in the SOFC,and the research priorities are also elaborated.
Base (topology)
Base metal
Component (thermodynamics)
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